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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 514.7 km/sec
density: 9.9 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
2013 UT Jan30
24-hr: M1
2349 UT Jan29
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 30 Jan 22
Expand: labels | no labels
New sunspots are emerging at the circled locations. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 74
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 30 Jan 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 0 days (0%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 30 Jan 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 9.91
x1010 W Cool
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 30 Jan 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 125 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 30 Jan 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +7.4% High
48-hr change: +0.5%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 30 Jan 2022 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.5 nT
Bz: -3.3 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
Coronal Holes: 30 Jan 22

Solar wind flowing from this narrow coronal hole should reach Earth on Jan 6-7
. Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 14th.
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Jan 30 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
40 %
40 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Jan 30 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
35 %
MINOR
01 %
30 %
SEVERE
01 %
15 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
05 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
15 %
70 %
 
Sunday, Jan. 30, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure!

 

EARTH-DIRECTED SOLAR FLARE AND CME: A coronal mass ejection CME is heading for Earth. It was hurled into space during the early hours of Jan. 30th by big sunspot AR2936. The underlying explosion was a long duration M1-class solar flare, which produced an asymmetric halo CME. Watch the movie. The CME will probably arrive on Feb. 1-2. Stay tuned for a more refined forecast. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

BIG SUNSPOT ALERT: New sunspot AR2936 has rapidly grown into one of the largest active regions of young Solar Cycle 25, quadrupling in size in only 48 hours. This 2-day movie from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows the sunspot's rapid development:

As the sunspot turns toward Earth, the chance of an Earth-directed flare is increasing. NOAA forecasters say there is a 20% chance of M-class flares today and a 5% chance of powerful X-flares--odds that could increase further as the weekend unfolds.

The scale of this sunspot makes it an easy target for backyard solar telescopes. AR2936 has multiple dark cores larger than Earth, and the entire group stretches more than 100,000 km across the surface of the sun. This is an ideal sunspot for projection techniques.

Yesterday in Cannes, France, amateur astronomer Francois Rouviere caught the sunspot in mid-flare:

"To take the picture I used an AiryLab Celestron 8 solar telescope with a DayStar Ion 0.3A H-alpha filter," says Rouviere. "There was a lot of activity surging up and down the sunspot's magnetic field lines."

The sunspot is currently producing a C-class flare every 4 or 5 hours. Amateur astronomers who point safely-filtered optics at this active region have a good chance of catching one, just like Rouviere did. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

THE CRESCENT VENUS PENDANT: Valentine's Day is coming. Nothing says "I love you" like a Venus Pendant from the edge of space. This one flew to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon on Jan. 8, 2022:

You can have it for $142.95. The opal crescent is framed by sterling silver with a matching hypoallergenic chain. It comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere.

Why is it a crescent? Because Venus itself was a crescent on the date of the flight. On Jan. 8, 2022, the second planet was at inferior conjunction with the sun. From Earth it looked like a slender crescent--the most beautiful phase of the Goddess of Love

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jan 30, 2022, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On January 30, 2022 there were 2255 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 BP2
2022-Jan-25
1.5 LD
16.2
13
2022 BW2
2022-Jan-25
16.5 LD
4.9
10
2022 BF
2022-Jan-26
1.3 LD
12.4
14
2022 BO2
2022-Jan-26
17.3 LD
14
24
2022 BB
2022-Jan-26
2.2 LD
7
13
2022 BD1
2022-Jan-27
0.5 LD
26.1
5
2021 BZ
2022-Jan-27
17.6 LD
14.6
39
2022 BH3
2022-Jan-27
0.8 LD
12.2
20
2022 BN3
2022-Jan-27
3.2 LD
19.4
31
2022 AN5
2022-Jan-28
10.2 LD
4.9
22
2022 BY1
2022-Jan-28
1.7 LD
29.9
10
2022 BP1
2022-Jan-28
6.2 LD
9.7
9
2022 AG6
2022-Jan-28
7.6 LD
3.7
18
2022 BN2
2022-Jan-28
0.7 LD
9.2
4
2022 BP3
2022-Jan-29
11.1 LD
12.7
27
2022 BB1
2022-Jan-29
9.7 LD
16.8
34
2022 BL2
2022-Jan-30
6.2 LD
4.7
9
2022 BP4
2022-Jan-31
3.6 LD
8.4
10
2022 BR4
2022-Feb-02
19.8 LD
20.3
64
2022 BY
2022-Feb-02
15.6 LD
5
22
2022 BT4
2022-Feb-03
6.8 LD
12.3
13
2022 BH2
2022-Feb-04
3.9 LD
19.9
33
2022 BF1
2022-Feb-04
6.2 LD
13.1
32
2022 AA
2022-Feb-04
6.6 LD
4.3
43
2018 CA1
2022-Feb-05
9.8 LD
15.1
32
2022 BS3
2022-Feb-06
14.2 LD
8.3
30
2022 AV4
2022-Feb-07
19.2 LD
3.4
22
2007 UY1
2022-Feb-08
13.9 LD
6.6
89
2022 BS4
2022-Feb-08
13.1 LD
10.9
31
2022 BN4
2022-Feb-12
18.2 LD
8.2
25
2020 DF
2022-Feb-14
12 LD
8.6
20
2018 CW2
2022-Feb-18
2.2 LD
10.8
25
2020 CX1
2022-Feb-18
7.2 LD
8.2
54
455176
2022-Feb-22
14 LD
25.1
257
2017 CX1
2022-Feb-23
15.2 LD
5
8
2016 QJ44
2022-Feb-24
19.6 LD
8.5
324
2021 QO2
2022-Feb-25
20 LD
11
65
2020 UO4
2022-Feb-28
18.5 LD
2.1
7
138971
2022-Mar-04
12.8 LD
12
749
2021 UL7
2022-Mar-04
11.5 LD
2
23
2020 DC
2022-Mar-06
3.9 LD
4.9
16
2021 EY1
2022-Mar-10
10.1 LD
15.5
16
2015 DR215
2022-Mar-11
17.5 LD
8.3
290
2018 GY
2022-Mar-13
11.9 LD
10.7
43
2022 BX1
2022-Mar-13
20.1 LD
11
170
2016 FZ12
2022-Mar-19
2.2 LD
8.3
16
2020 SQ
2022-Mar-21
2.8 LD
6
12
2013 BO76
2022-Mar-24
13.3 LD
13.8
295
2011 GE3
2022-Mar-26
7.6 LD
7
22
2012 FX35
2022-Mar-26
13.7 LD
5.9
25
2010 GD35
2022-Mar-29
17.7 LD
12.5
43
2020 FW5
2022-Mar-30
8.9 LD
13.1
27
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century.  It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.

We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. 

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:

The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona SEO and Arizona Business Directory and C8 Corvette | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer | Phoenix SEO
Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed
NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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