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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 430.8 km/sec
density: 0.28 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C6
1924 UT May27
24-hr: C8
0435 UT May27
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 27 May 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot AR3315 has continued to grow, becoming the largest and most dangerous sunspot on the solar disk. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 127
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 27 May 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 27 May 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 19.97x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 26 May 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 149 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 27 May 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +1.3% Above Average
48-hr change: +1.2%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 27 May 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 0.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 1.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.75 nT
Bz: -0.48 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 27 May 23

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Bad news: NASA's AIM spacecraft, which monitors noctilucent clouds, may be dead due to problems with an onboard battery. Mission controllers have not yet given up all hope, so stay tuned.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated May27
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 May 27 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
55 %
55 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 May 27 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
30 %
MINOR
05 %
15 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
15 %
30 %
 
Saturday, May. 27, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. This is an AI Free Zone!

 

FARSIDE SUNSPOT: There's a sunspot on the farside of the sun so large, it is affecting the way the whole sun vibrates. Helioseismic maps reveal the active region about 10 days away from turning toward Earth. This could herald a period of geoeffective solar activity in June. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

ELLERMAN BOMBS: At the beginning of the week, sunspot AR3315 didn't exist. Now it is the biggest and most dangerous sunspot on the solar disk. Maximilian Teodorescu photographed the fast-growing active region yesterday and found it crackling with bomb-blasts:

These are Ellerman bombs--magnetic explosions about one-millionth as powerful as true solar flares. A handful are circled above for reference. They are named after physicist Ferdinand Ellerman who studied the tiny blasts in the early 20th century. Of course, "tiny" is relative. A single Ellerman bomb releases about 1026 ergs of energy--equal to about 100,000 World War II atomic bombs.

Explosions like these are a sign of magnetic complexity in a sunspot. Opposite polarities bump together, reconnect, and--boom. A full-fledged flare may not be far behind. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

more images: from Oleksandr A. Veles of Kyiv, Ukraine; from Apollo Lasky of Naperville, IL

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

A SUPERNOVA IN LONDON: A week after it exploded in a spiral arm of the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), new supernova SN 2023ixf has finally peaked in brightness at magnitude +11. Turns out, that's bright enough to see from downtown London. "The supernova was easily visible in my telescope despite the bright lights of the city," reports Terence Murtagh.

"I had great views of the supernova through my EVscope Equinox 2," he says.

SN 2023ixf is a Type II supernova caused by the core collapse of a massive star. A shock wave escaped the dying star on May 19th (Earth time), creating a 15th magnitude fireball first noticed by Koichi Itagaki of Yamagata, Japan.

The expanding fireball has since brightened 40-fold to magnitude +11. That's too dim to see with the unaided eye, but, as Murtagh's photo shows, it is an easy target for backyard telescopes even in urban areas. Take a look!

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

FOR FATHER'S DAY--THE MR. SPOCK COFFEE CUP: Father's Day is coming. You can now give dad the gift of coffee in a Mr. Spock Cup. It has pointy ears, holds 20 oz. of brew, and comes from the edge of space. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus flew this cup to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $99.95. The students are selling Spock cups to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with greeting card showing the heavy-duty ceramic cup in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On May 26, 2023, the network reported 6 fireballs.
(6 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On May 27, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2021 JK7
2023-May-22
16.7 LD
22.9
48
2023 KQ
2023-May-22
13.5 LD
6.4
38
2023 KC1
2023-May-22
2.2 LD
12.8
17
2023 JK3
2023-May-22
1.6 LD
4.9
31
2023 KS
2023-May-22
0.6 LD
18.2
11
2023 GY2
2023-May-22
18.1 LD
11.3
96
2023 KN
2023-May-22
2.4 LD
22.1
14
2023 JZ1
2023-May-22
10.7 LD
13
38
2023 KQ2
2023-May-22
1.3 LD
14
9
2023 KJ1
2023-May-23
1.5 LD
11.6
11
2023 KV1
2023-May-23
13.4 LD
7.6
26
2019 UJ3
2023-May-23
15.5 LD
9.8
21
2023 KG3
2023-May-23
3.4 LD
3.9
10
2023 KX1
2023-May-23
1.3 LD
5.1
6
2023 JK1
2023-May-23
17.1 LD
8.7
37
2023 KZ1
2023-May-23
1 LD
13.7
20
2023 KE2
2023-May-23
16.5 LD
14.5
30
2023 KF1
2023-May-24
4.4 LD
12
23
2023 JC4
2023-May-24
17.7 LD
4.2
30
2023 CL3
2023-May-24
18.9 LD
7.3
117
2023 JP2
2023-May-25
11.5 LD
20.5
88
2023 KA2
2023-May-25
1.1 LD
16
11
2023 JR4
2023-May-25
4.1 LD
9.4
16
2023 KQ1
2023-May-25
14.2 LD
18
33
2023 KZ
2023-May-26
8.9 LD
4.4
13
2023 KB2
2023-May-26
11.9 LD
7.3
23
2023 KX
2023-May-26
16 LD
15.9
30
2023 KC3
2023-May-26
11.6 LD
10.5
19
2023 KF
2023-May-26
17.9 LD
8
41
2023 JE2
2023-May-27
19.7 LD
11.4
35
2023 KL1
2023-May-27
9.1 LD
6.2
18
2023 KU2
2023-May-28
2.8 LD
14.7
12
2023 KV2
2023-May-28
6.7 LD
9.3
23
2023 JZ3
2023-May-28
14.2 LD
4.1
25
2021 KO2
2023-May-29
15.8 LD
13.9
9
2023 JZ4
2023-May-29
6 LD
16.1
33
2023 KT1
2023-May-30
10 LD
7.8
23
2012 KP24
2023-May-31
10.3 LD
12.4
19
2023 JM1
2023-Jun-01
10.1 LD
5.2
22
2023 KZ2
2023-Jun-02
12.6 LD
9.3
21
2023 KS2
2023-Jun-02
10.3 LD
10.3
22
2023 JE5
2023-Jun-04
17.6 LD
8
35
2023 JR2
2023-Jun-04
17 LD
7.6
42
2023 HO18
2023-Jun-04
1.2 LD
4.7
33
2023 KW2
2023-Jun-06
11.8 LD
10.1
62
2018 KR
2023-Jun-07
6.5 LD
4.9
19
2017 UJ2
2023-Jun-07
5.3 LD
5.6
2
2023 JB3
2023-Jun-09
14.1 LD
7
50
488453
2023-Jun-12
8.3 LD
21.5
495
2022 WN4
2023-Jun-13
10.8 LD
15.1
158
2020 DB5
2023-Jun-15
11.3 LD
9.5
506
2023 HL
2023-Jun-17
13.5 LD
1
15
2016 LK49
2023-Jun-19
17.4 LD
19.4
22
2023 HF1
2023-Jun-21
12.5 LD
4.4
59
467336
2023-Jun-24
17.4 LD
7.1
269
2008 LG2
2023-Jun-24
10.5 LD
5.6
32
2022 MM1
2023-Jun-29
9.5 LD
9.8
41
2020 NC
2023-Jul-02
13.9 LD
7.7
123
2023 HO6
2023-Jul-05
5.3 LD
7.8
242
2019 LH5
2023-Jul-07
14.9 LD
21.6
281
2018 NW
2023-Jul-10
18 LD
21.8
10
2018 UY
2023-Jul-12
7.4 LD
16.4
243
2020 UQ3
2023-Jul-18
3.2 LD
9.3
59
2022 GX2
2023-Jul-20
11.9 LD
9.4
5
2020 OM
2023-Jul-20
8.5 LD
9.5
14
2015 MA54
2023-Jul-24
16.6 LD
9.2
31
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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