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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 522.9 km/sec
density: 10.99 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B8
1926 UT Nov25
24-hr: C1
0722 UT Nov25
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 25 Nov 22
Expand: labels | no labels
All of these sunspots have simple magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 61
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 25 Nov 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 25 Nov 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 15.58
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 25 Nov 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 110 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 25 Nov 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +2.7% Elevated
48-hr change: +0.2%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 25 Nov 2022 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4.33
EXTREME
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 6.70 nT
Bz: 1.32 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
Coronal Holes: 25 Nov 22

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Nov25
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Nov 25 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
05 %
05 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Nov 25 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
35 %
MINOR
10 %
15 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
10 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
45 %
50 %
 
Friday, Nov. 25, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

POSSIBLE CME IMPACT: A shock wave in the solar wind hit Earth's magnetic field on Nov. 25th (0230 UT). "It wasnt much of a strike, but it was enough to make auroras here in northern North Dakota," reports Elon Gane, who photographed the display from a roadside near Mohall, ND:

"The lights were faint but clearly visible to the naked eye," says Gane.

The shock wave might have been a faint CME that left the sun on Nov. 19th, hurled in our direction by an erupting filament of magnetism. Forecast models predicted a near-miss, but a grazing impact may have happened instead. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

CRYOVOLCANIC ERUPTION ON A COMET: The British Astronomical Association (BAA) is reporting a new outburst of cryovolcanic comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann. On Nov. 22nd, amateur astronomer Patrick Wiggins watched 29P increase in brightness by more than 4 magnitudes--a sign that a major eruption was in progress. On Nov. 23rd, André Debackère used the Faulkes Telescope North in Hawaii to photograph the expanding shell of debris:

The Pac-Man shape of the ejecta shows that this is not a uniform global eruption. Instead, it is coming from one or more discrete sources on the comet's surface.

This fits a leading model of the comet developed by Dr. Richard Miles of the British Astronomical Association. Miles believes that 29P is festooned with ice volcanoes. There is no lava. The "magma" is a cold mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., CH4, C2H4, C2H6 and C3H8) akin to those found in lakes and streams on Saturn's moon Titan. The cryomagma is suffused with dissolved gases N2 and CO, much like carbonation in a soda bottle. These bottled-up volatiles love to explode when a fissure is opened by the warming action of sunlight.

A new image just taken by Cai Stoddard-Jones using the Faulkes Telescope North adds weight to the idea that a single volcano or active zone is involved. Processing the data with a rotational gradient filter, Stoddard-Jones found an intense condensation of debris at position angle 330 degrees:

This narrow plume probably leads back to the primary source the eruption. The plume is currently streaming away from the nucleus at 75 m/s (270 km/hr) and stretches more than 11,000 km from end to end. If an eruption like this were happening on Earth, it would jut far outside our planet's atmosphere; it's huge.

These dimensions, plus the integrated brightness of the comet (magnitude +11), put 29P within easy range of many backyard telescopes. If past eruptions are any guide, Pac-Man should grow much larger in the nights ahead. Observers can find 29P after sunset in the constellation Gemini.

For more information visit the British Astronomical Association's MISSION 29P website.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

BLACK FRIDAY AT THE EDGE OF SPACE: Christmas is coming. Are you looking for a far-out gift? Check out the Earth to Sky Store. It's filled with unique items that have flown to the edge of space onboard cosmic ray research balloons.

Carried aloft by giant helium balloons, these unique gifts have flown above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. Even Amazon doesn't carry items this far out.

Don't forget to enter coupon code "BLACKPEARL" at checkout for a 15% Black Friday discount.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

FULL VENUS ON THANKSGIVING: Like the Moon, Venus has phases. On Thanksgiving, the second planet was full. "Venus was 99% illuminated when I photographed it on Nov. 24th," reports Kevin R. Witman, who sends this picture from Cochranville, Pennsylvania:

It's not easy to observe Venus when it is full. From Earth, Venus looks full when it is on the opposite side of the sun--as far from Earth as it can get and surrounded by bright sunlight.

"With Venus only 8 degrees away from the sun, it was a great challenge just to find its small disk against the very bright background sky," says Witman. "But I managed to do it using a Celestron EDGE HD C9.25 with a 2x Barlow."

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Nov 25, 2022, the network reported 4 fireballs.
(3 sporadics, 1 Leonid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On November 25, 2022 there were 2316 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 VU1
2022-Nov-20
7 LD
7.1
17
2022 WM3
2022-Nov-20
0.5 LD
6.4
8
2022 VR1
2022-Nov-20
4.1 LD
5.7
39
2022 WN3
2022-Nov-20
1.3 LD
19.6
16
2022 WD1
2022-Nov-20
16.5 LD
13.2
25
2022 VX
2022-Nov-20
11.2 LD
5.9
15
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
219
2022 WD4
2022-Nov-21
15.4 LD
9.1
17
2022 WD
2022-Nov-21
11 LD
6.6
10
2022 WE2
2022-Nov-22
3.1 LD
13.1
10
2022 WR4
2022-Nov-22
0.7 LD
8.4
4
2022 WO1
2022-Nov-22
9.9 LD
7.6
30
2022 WQ3
2022-Nov-22
1.1 LD
14.5
8
2022 WG1
2022-Nov-22
4.5 LD
25.6
23
2022 VS1
2022-Nov-22
6.5 LD
7.7
22
2022 WN2
2022-Nov-22
2.8 LD
5.3
6
2022 VT2
2022-Nov-22
3 LD
6.8
21
2022 WN1
2022-Nov-22
18.5 LD
10
24
2018 VL8
2022-Nov-22
16.3 LD
18
99
2022 WZ1
2022-Nov-23
8.9 LD
9.6
10
2022 WT4
2022-Nov-23
4.3 LD
12.8
13
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
149
2022 WR2
2022-Nov-23
9.3 LD
7.7
16
2022 WS2
2022-Nov-23
8 LD
11.7
16
2022 WG5
2022-Nov-23
4.2 LD
11.3
138
2022 WL2
2022-Nov-23
5.9 LD
8.1
12
2022 WQ1
2022-Nov-24
7.8 LD
15.5
28
2022 WA4
2022-Nov-24
1.5 LD
3.9
6
2022 WH2
2022-Nov-24
12.7 LD
6.9
23
2022 WO
2022-Nov-24
10.2 LD
8.4
21
2022 WO4
2022-Nov-25
11 LD
10.9
46
2022 WA2
2022-Nov-25
3.9 LD
9.8
18
2022 WY3
2022-Nov-25
8.8 LD
6.5
26
2022 WU4
2022-Nov-25
11.6 LD
14.7
33
2022 WY
2022-Nov-25
11.2 LD
6.8
16
2022 UD72
2022-Nov-26
10.6 LD
4.3
20
2022 WO2
2022-Nov-27
15.2 LD
10
23
2022 VQ
2022-Nov-27
7.6 LD
8.2
28
2022 VB2
2022-Nov-29
9 LD
8.4
33
2022 WE5
2022-Nov-30
4.1 LD
8.5
10
2022 WK1
2022-Dec-01
14.2 LD
12.2
39
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-02
11.9 LD
3.9
10
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
419
2022 UT8
2022-Dec-02
11.1 LD
4.2
71
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
193
2022 WD2
2022-Dec-03
7.3 LD
7.4
25
2022 WB5
2022-Dec-05
5.8 LD
11
30
2022 VP1
2022-Dec-05
17.3 LD
7.1
56
2022 WW
2022-Dec-10
19.2 LD
6.2
30
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
2003 YS70
2022-Dec-13
10.4 LD
4.1
5
2019 XQ1
2022-Dec-13
14.5 LD
9.8
30
2018 XU3
2022-Dec-13
14.8 LD
10.3
28
2021 XS4
2022-Dec-14
14.5 LD
9.7
23
2015 RN35
2022-Dec-15
1.8 LD
5.9
85
2016 YE
2022-Dec-18
18.6 LD
4.8
23
2014 HK129
2022-Dec-20
6.7 LD
11.6
216
2017 XQ60
2022-Dec-21
18.8 LD
16
45
2022 UD9
2022-Dec-22
4.6 LD
10.3
159
2022 RD2
2022-Dec-22
13.9 LD
1.1
7
2013 YA14
2022-Dec-25
2.7 LD
10.5
68
2022 TE14
2022-Dec-25
11.2 LD
7
127
2018 YK2
2022-Dec-26
15.8 LD
15.1
98
2010 XC15
2022-Dec-27
2 LD
10.1
182
2021 AE
2022-Dec-28
16.5 LD
15
23
2021 NF
2023-Jan-02
17.9 LD
11.3
40
2011 WR41
2023-Jan-03
15.8 LD
8.9
34
2019 AY3
2023-Jan-04
16.8 LD
19.7
62
2021 TL
2023-Jan-09
14.2 LD
8.5
75
2014 LJ
2023-Jan-14
4.8 LD
3.5
7
2012 BV13
2023-Jan-16
12.2 LD
6.7
134
2020 BP
2023-Jan-20
5.2 LD
16.9
26
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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