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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 373.0 km/sec
density: 1.06 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B6
2145 UT Aug25
24-hr: M1
0109 UT Aug25
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 25 Aug 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Sunspot AR3415 poses a threat for M-class solar flares. It produced an M1.4-class flare on Aug. 25th at 0109 UT. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 86
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 25 Aug 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 25 Aug 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 19.94x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 24 Aug 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 144 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 25 Aug 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -2.8% Low
48-hr change: +0.6%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 25 Aug 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.86 nT
Bz: 1.38 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
Coronal Holes: 25 Aug 23

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Aug. 24, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Aug25
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Aug 25 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
20 %
20 %
CLASS X
05 %
05 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Aug 25 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
20 %
MINOR
01 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
15 %
20 %
SEVERE
10 %
20 %
 
Friday, Aug. 25, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH--CANCELED: Debris from an exploding magnetic filament on the sun (movie) will not hit Earth after all. Updated models suggest a clear miss on Aug. 27th. Yesterday's G1-class geomagnetic storm watch is therefore canceled. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

A QUIRKY COMET VISITS THE SUN: Citizen scientists watching SOHO's coronagraph feed on Aug. 21st weren't sure what they had just seen. A point-like object emerged from the glare of the sun, quickly reversed course, then headed back from where it came. Time to call a Congressional hearing? See for yourself:

In fact, this was no UFO. It is a quirky comet named "322P." Every 3.9 years it buzzes the sun, making such a tight turn inside the orbit of Mercury that it looks like something is breaking the laws of physics. The fact that the comet has no tail, not even when it is being blasted by maximum solar heat, adds to its vibe of mystery.

"This is a very interesting object," says Karl Battams of the US Naval Research Lab's Solar and Heliospheric Physics Branch. "We are actively studying it, trying to learn what it is."

Comet 322P has been discovered in SOHO coronagraph images at least three times before: 1999, 2003 and 2007. Eventually astronomers realized all three were the same object. Over the years, SOHO has found more than 4500 comets diving into the sun and disintegrating. This was SOHO's first discovery of a *periodic* comet that routinely survives its close encounters.

In 2015, a team of astronomers led by Matthew Knight tracked the comet as it receded from the sun using the Very Large Telescope in Chile and NASA's infrared Spitzer Space Telescope. They were looking for signs of a tail or other outgassing typical of comets. However, 322P remained pointlike and inscrutable:

"322P appeared inactive in all images," they wrote. "Our results suggest that it may be of asteroidal origin and only active in the SOHO fields of view via processes different from the volatile-driven activity of traditional comets."

According to their data, 322P is a dense object (1000 kg/m^3), measuring 150 to 320 meters in diameter, which spins every 2.8 hours. Its incredibly tough, losing no detectable mass when it approaches the sun. The researchers speculate that it may be an extinct comet, so thoroughly sun-baked that only an impervious skeleton of rock and metal remains.

"We still have lots to learn about the small bodies in our solar system," says Battams. "322P is a fabulous example of one such quirky object."

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

GIGANTIC JETS OVER TROPICAL STORM FRANKLIN: Tropical storm Franklin is crackling with Gigantic Jets. Frankie Lucena photographed the discharges on Aug. 20th when the storm was passing south of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico:

Gigantic jets are sometimes called "Earth’s tallest lightning," because they reach all the way to the ionosphere ~50 miles high. The towering forms were discovered near Taiwan and Puerto Rico in 2001-2002, and were immediately recognized as a super-sized version of sprites. They seem to prefer open water, and there is growing evidence that tropical storms are a good place to find them.

Franklin won't be a tropical storm much longer. It is intensifying, and forecasters say it should reach hurricane strength this weekend west of Bermuda. Will the Gigantic Jets intensify as well? Photographers 200 km to 300 km from Franklin's eye will have the best view of its cloudtops. Take a look!

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

RARE MR. SPOCK ORNAMENT: Planning ahead for Christmas? It's only logical. Decorate your tree with a rare Mr. Spock ornament! The students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched this one to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $129.95. The students are selling Spock ornaments to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Made by Hallmark in the 1990s, the ornament comes with a greeting card showing the science officer in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Aug 24, 2023, the network reported 23 fireballs.
(21 sporadics, 2 Northern Delta Aquariids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On August 25, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 QR
2023-Aug-20
0.5 LD
20.9
5
2023 QE
2023-Aug-21
8.7 LD
6.5
12
2023 PM1
2023-Aug-21
8.2 LD
18.6
68
2023 QB1
2023-Aug-21
1.8 LD
11.3
6
2023 QO5
2023-Aug-22
1.4 LD
8.3
15
2023 PM
2023-Aug-22
9.5 LD
7
55
2023 QZ
2023-Aug-22
13.5 LD
4.5
15
2023 QU1
2023-Aug-22
16.4 LD
5.7
21
6037
2023-Aug-23
15.9 LD
14.3
571
2023 QW
2023-Aug-23
4.2 LD
16.3
23
2023 QO
2023-Aug-23
6.5 LD
8.8
15
2023 QF
2023-Aug-23
1.9 LD
5.4
12
2023 QS2
2023-Aug-23
12.6 LD
17.6
33
2023 QN2
2023-Aug-24
19.1 LD
15.4
42
2023 QK2
2023-Aug-24
7.7 LD
4.9
16
2023 QG4
2023-Aug-25
6.6 LD
24
106
2023 QC2
2023-Aug-25
9.2 LD
10.2
21
2023 QT1
2023-Aug-26
11.5 LD
10.6
32
2007 RR17
2023-Aug-26
8.3 LD
7.1
63
2023 QR1
2023-Aug-27
4.3 LD
5
13
2023 QQ
2023-Aug-27
10.7 LD
10.1
26
2023 QJ5
2023-Aug-27
4.6 LD
12.2
14
2023 QK5
2023-Aug-29
3.9 LD
6.8
12
2023 QD2
2023-Aug-29
3.3 LD
7.8
15
2012 PZ17
2023-Aug-30
16.8 LD
3.6
16
2023 QH
2023-Aug-31
12 LD
15.9
63
2023 QB2
2023-Sep-01
8.1 LD
7.2
21
2023 QZ1
2023-Sep-01
18.2 LD
18.6
51
2023 QU
2023-Sep-01
13.6 LD
9.8
34
2017 BY32
2023-Sep-02
16.4 LD
3.5
19
2023 QG
2023-Sep-03
11.6 LD
13.7
75
2023 QH1
2023-Sep-03
13.1 LD
6.4
23
2021 JA5
2023-Sep-06
13.3 LD
10.9
19
2023 QC5
2023-Sep-08
10.6 LD
7.6
27
2020 GE
2023-Sep-08
14.9 LD
1.4
8
2023 QF6
2023-Sep-10
7 LD
10.5
22
2020 RT2
2023-Sep-12
11 LD
10
8
2016 LY48
2023-Sep-16
5 LD
10.8
99
2010 TE
2023-Sep-16
6.8 LD
6
22
523598
2023-Sep-20
19.8 LD
25
239
2019 SF6
2023-Sep-26
16.7 LD
8.6
20
2013 TG6
2023-Sep-28
3.6 LD
4.1
17
2009 UG
2023-Sep-30
6.1 LD
9
78
349507
2023-Oct-03
16.5 LD
21
696
2022 FX1
2023-Oct-04
20 LD
9.9
25
2022 TD
2023-Oct-07
8.9 LD
9.4
10
2018 ER1
2023-Oct-08
12.5 LD
5.3
27
2022 UX1
2023-Oct-11
3.1 LD
8.6
9
2015 KW120
2023-Oct-12
18.2 LD
13
22
2021 NT14
2023-Oct-13
18.6 LD
8.6
254
2011 GA
2023-Oct-15
6.8 LD
16.6
230
2007 SQ6
2023-Oct-15
19.4 LD
6.5
130
2019 UZ3
2023-Oct-16
9.6 LD
8.3
14
1998 HH49
2023-Oct-17
3.1 LD
14.8
193
2022 UO10
2023-Oct-19
7.8 LD
9.8
16
2020 UR
2023-Oct-20
5.8 LD
12.9
9
2020 FM6
2023-Oct-23
15.5 LD
15.9
149
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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