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RING OF FIRE SOLAR ECLIPSE: This weekend, Saturday, Oct. 14th, the Moon will pass in front of the sun, producing a "ring of fire" annular eclipse. The narrow path of annularity stretches across both North and South America--with a partial eclipse visible from almost every point on both continents. Eclipse maps and glasses are available from GreatAmericanEclipse.com.
'DELTA SUNSPOT' FACES EARTH: Sunspots are giant islands of magnetism floating on the surface of the sun. Usually their magnetic poles are well separated, plus (+) and minus (-) far apart. However, there is a sunspot now facing Earth with multiple poles mixed up and jostling together:
The magnetic classification of AR3460 is 'beta-gamma-delta.'
This magnetic map from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows the magnetic architecture of sunspot AR3460. It has many magnetic poles with + and - pressed together in close proximity. This could lead to magnetic reconnection and a strong, Earth-directed solar flare. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text
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CRYOVOLCANIC COMET 12P: Some people look at this week's outburst of cryovolcanic comet 12P/Pons-Brooks and see the Millennium Falcon. Bill Williams of Florida's Chiefland Astro Village sees a different spaceship. "The Romulan Warbird flies again!" he says. He took this picture on Oct 9th:
"It is fascinating to see Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks 'come alive' again, sporting peculiar horns and symmetrical knots around the comet coma," he says.
This is the second time in 2023 that Comet 12P has erupted and--bafflingly--produced a spaceship-like silhouette. The first time in July was nearly identical. According to Richard Miles of the British Astronomical Association, "the two 'horns' may be caused by a peculiarly-shaped cryovolcanic vent with some sort of blockage causing material to be expelled with a weird flow pattern."
This comet could cause a sensation next year. It is falling toward the sun and expected to become a naked-eye object only a few days before the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024. Sky watchers in the path of totality could look up and see a spaceship-shaped outburst for themselves.
more images: from Eliot Herman at the Utah Desert Observatory
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HANDMADE SOLAR ECLIPSE PENDANT: The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are about to try something never done before--to photograph the shadow of an annular solar eclipse from the stratosphere. On Oct. 14th, they'll launch a cosmic ray research balloon equipped with cameras to photograph the shadow zone of an eclipse over Nevada. You can support the flight by buying a handmade Annular Solar Eclipse Pendant:
It's yours for $129.95. The students launched this pendant from the eclipse zone in a Nevada test flight on Sept. 24, 2023. Floating at an altitude 118,767 feet above Earth’s surface, it made contact with space, experiencing temperatures as low as --59 C.
Buy the pendent now and for no additional charge we will fly it back to the stratosphere during the annular eclipse. Just make a note in the COMMENTS BOX of your shopping cart: "Fly my pendant again!"
Note: We have photographed the shadow of an eclipse before. Here's what the total eclipse of Aug. 21, 2017, looked like from the stratosphere over the Nebraska-Wyoming border:
Total eclipses make deep black shadows, in this case blacking out more than 70 miles of terrain. What does the shadow of an *annular* eclipse look like? We hope to find out. It should be fuzzier around the edges, and not nearly as dark in the middle. An overview from the stratosphere could provide a unique picture.
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Oct 10, 2023, the network reported 7 fireballs.
(6 sporadics, 1 Delta Oct Aurigid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On October 10, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
2019 QO5 | 2023-Oct-05 | 19.9 LD | 9.4 | 63 |
2023 RF10 | 2023-Oct-05 | 15.8 LD | 5.8 | 27 |
2023 QC8 | 2023-Oct-05 | 15.8 LD | 6.3 | 40 |
2023 TW3 | 2023-Oct-05 | 1.7 LD | 9.9 | 18 |
2023 TD | 2023-Oct-05 | 2.4 LD | 8 | 14 |
2023 TN3 | 2023-Oct-05 | 4.1 LD | 3.5 | 11 |
2023 TN2 | 2023-Oct-05 | 8.2 LD | 7.2 | 9 |
2023 TY1 | 2023-Oct-05 | 19.1 LD | 6 | 18 |
2023 TU | 2023-Oct-06 | 6.1 LD | 8.2 | 9 |
2023 TG | 2023-Oct-06 | 1.8 LD | 7.2 | 8 |
2023 TL3 | 2023-Oct-06 | 2.3 LD | 16.2 | 30 |
2023 TO3 | 2023-Oct-06 | 2.1 LD | 13.7 | 10 |
2023 TQ | 2023-Oct-06 | 5.9 LD | 13.2 | 26 |
2022 TD | 2023-Oct-07 | 8.9 LD | 9.4 | 10 |
2023 RR29 | 2023-Oct-07 | 9.2 LD | 8.1 | 39 |
2023 TR1 | 2023-Oct-07 | 0.3 LD | 20 | 4 |
2023 TB1 | 2023-Oct-07 | 0.7 LD | 9.4 | 5 |
2023 TK4 | 2023-Oct-07 | 0.5 LD | 14.2 | 7 |
2023 TK | 2023-Oct-07 | 5.8 LD | 4.9 | 13 |
2023 TJ4 | 2023-Oct-07 | 0.8 LD | 12.5 | 5 |
2023 TD1 | 2023-Oct-07 | 2.3 LD | 17.5 | 13 |
2023 TX | 2023-Oct-07 | 1.5 LD | 7 | 4 |
2023 SA1 | 2023-Oct-08 | 17.9 LD | 5.9 | 26 |
2023 TL4 | 2023-Oct-08 | 12.5 LD | 34.4 | 339 |
2023 TA1 | 2023-Oct-08 | 9.3 LD | 8.4 | 18 |
2018 ER1 | 2023-Oct-08 | 12.5 LD | 5.3 | 25 |
2023 TL | 2023-Oct-09 | 8.3 LD | 13.9 | 44 |
2023 TW | 2023-Oct-09 | 2.1 LD | 7.7 | 12 |
2023 TR | 2023-Oct-09 | 4.1 LD | 7.5 | 21 |
2023 TO | 2023-Oct-10 | 3.8 LD | 10.7 | 20 |
2023 TM3 | 2023-Oct-10 | 0.4 LD | 11.5 | 15 |
2023 TF2 | 2023-Oct-11 | 9.5 LD | 19 | 28 |
2023 TE | 2023-Oct-11 | 4.2 LD | 5.6 | 15 |
2022 UX1 | 2023-Oct-11 | 3.1 LD | 8.6 | 9 |
2023 RD11 | 2023-Oct-11 | 12.8 LD | 9.5 | 42 |
2023 TF4 | 2023-Oct-11 | 6 LD | 8.7 | 16 |
2015 KW120 | 2023-Oct-12 | 18.2 LD | 13 | 22 |
2023 TP1 | 2023-Oct-12 | 13.9 LD | 13.2 | 41 |
2023 TV3 | 2023-Oct-12 | 0.2 LD | 14.2 | 11 |
2023 TF3 | 2023-Oct-12 | 11.1 LD | 19.6 | 26 |
2023 TC1 | 2023-Oct-13 | 10.6 LD | 8.1 | 15 |
2023 TB4 | 2023-Oct-13 | 6.8 LD | 10.6 | 15 |
2023 TJ1 | 2023-Oct-13 | 19.6 LD | 9.1 | 32 |
2021 NT14 | 2023-Oct-13 | 18.6 LD | 8.6 | 256 |
2023 TD4 | 2023-Oct-13 | 5.6 LD | 6.4 | 13 |
2023 TO4 | 2023-Oct-14 | 1.9 LD | 16.7 | 11 |
2023 TQ3 | 2023-Oct-14 | 3.8 LD | 11.2 | 27 |
2011 GA | 2023-Oct-15 | 6.8 LD | 16.6 | 230 |
2007 SQ6 | 2023-Oct-15 | 19.4 LD | 6.5 | 128 |
2023 TA4 | 2023-Oct-16 | 7.3 LD | 4.1 | 11 |
2019 UZ3 | 2023-Oct-16 | 9.6 LD | 8.3 | 14 |
1998 HH49 | 2023-Oct-17 | 3.1 LD | 14.8 | 193 |
2022 UO10 | 2023-Oct-19 | 7.8 LD | 9.8 | 16 |
2023 TH4 | 2023-Oct-19 | 5.5 LD | 5.4 | 13 |
2020 UR | 2023-Oct-20 | 5.8 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
2023 TX2 | 2023-Oct-22 | 13.2 LD | 7.5 | 30 |
2020 FM6 | 2023-Oct-23 | 15.5 LD | 15.9 | 149 |
2019 HH4 | 2023-Oct-24 | 13.3 LD | 20 | 381 |
2023 RA4 | 2023-Oct-24 | 8.4 LD | 3.9 | 47 |
2023 SO11 | 2023-Oct-25 | 3.3 LD | 2.5 | 16 |
2021 SZ4 | 2023-Oct-26 | 14 LD | 30 | 289 |
302169 | 2023-Oct-26 | 12.7 LD | 25.7 | 374 |
525229 | 2023-Oct-30 | 10.6 LD | 17.4 | 200 |
2013 UV3 | 2023-Nov-01 | 14.7 LD | 15.4 | 15 |
2016 WY | 2023-Nov-02 | 9.1 LD | 3.9 | 5 |
363505 | 2023-Nov-02 | 13.7 LD | 8 | 709 |
2022 JF | 2023-Nov-03 | 15.2 LD | 17.2 | 39 |
2023 QP8 | 2023-Nov-03 | 17.1 LD | 8.8 | 180 |
2016 VW2 | 2023-Nov-03 | 10.1 LD | 8.1 | 20 |
2019 UH7 | 2023-Nov-04 | 9.9 LD | 5.9 | 11 |
2023 TZ2 | 2023-Nov-12 | 19 LD | 2.8 | 24 |
2014 BA3 | 2023-Nov-13 | 15.7 LD | 2.7 | 8 |
2021 TN3 | 2023-Nov-15 | 17 LD | 6.3 | 31 |
2019 VL5 | 2023-Nov-16 | 8.5 LD | 8.2 | 24 |
2019 LB1 | 2023-Nov-18 | 15.8 LD | 4.2 | 14 |
2016 DK1 | 2023-Nov-19 | 5.3 LD | 6.8 | 12 |
2022 VR1 | 2023-Nov-19 | 8.1 LD | 6.1 | 39 |
2019 UT6 | 2023-Nov-24 | 9 LD | 13.2 | 141 |
2019 CZ2 | 2023-Nov-25 | 2.8 LD | 5.8 | 44 |
2013 UB3 | 2023-Nov-27 | 18.5 LD | 5.4 | 25 |
1998 WB2 | 2023-Dec-03 | 11 LD | 14.2 | 151 |
2013 VX4 | 2023-Dec-04 | 5.1 LD | 6.6 | 60 |
139622 | 2023-Dec-06 | 14.4 LD | 6.7 | 719 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| the underlying science of space weather |
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