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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 489.6 km/sec
density: 6.49 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C4
2013 UT Nov08
24-hr: C6
0848 UT Nov08
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 08 Nov 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
New sunspot AR3483 is growing rapidly and merits watching as a possible source of solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 74
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 08 Nov 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 08 Nov 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.40x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 07 Nov 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 145 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Nov 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -5.5% Low
48-hr change: -1.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Nov 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4.00 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 4.00
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.81 nT
Bz: 0.43 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 08 Nov 23

Solar wind flowing from this coronal hole should reach Earth on Nov. 8-9.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Aug. 29, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Nov08
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Nov 08 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
10 %
10 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Nov 08 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
15 %
MINOR
15 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
20 %
20 %
 
Wednesday, Nov. 8, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1): Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on Nov. 8th and 9th when Earth enters a stream of fast-moving solar wind. The gaseous material is flowing from a southern hole in the sun's atmosphere. High-latitude sky watchers should be alert for auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

LUNAR OCCULTATION OF VENUS: Venus is about to disappear behind the Moon. The rare and beautiful occultation will be visible during the morning of Nov. 9th from Europe, the Arabian Peninsula and parts of northern Africa. Spaceweather.com reader Peter Zimnikoval created a unique view of the event--from Venus:

The occultation will be visible everywhere on Earth that is blocked by the disk of the Moon. Cool, yes? Note the time stamp in the upper left. That's when the occultation is underway.

For observers outside the occultation zone, set your alarm for dawn. Venus and the crescent Moon will appear beautifully close together in the eastern sky surrounded by morning twilight. Submit your pictures here.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

EARTH'S RING CURRENT JUST SPRANG A LEAK: During this past weekend's strong G3-class geomagnetic storm, low-latitude auroras spread as far south as Texas and Arizona. Upon further review, most of those lights were not auroras at all. Everything red in this montage is an "SAR arc":


Credits: Texas (Anita Oakley); Missouri (Dan Bush); New York (James Perez-Rogers); Arizona (Jeremy Perez)

"This was a new phenomenon to me," says Jeremy Perez, who took the Arizona picture. "I had never heard of SARs before, but I kept shooting anyway."

SAR arcs were discovered in 1956 at the beginning of the Space Age. Researchers didn't know what they were and unwittingly gave them a misleading name: "Stable Auroral Red arcs" or SAR arcs. In fact, SAR arcs are neither stable nor auroras.

Auroras appear when charged particles rain down from space, hitting the atmosphere and causing it to glow. SAR arcs form differently. They are a sign of heat energy leaking into the upper atmosphere from Earth's ring current system–a donut-shaped circuit carrying millions of amps around our planet.


An artist's concept of Earth's ring current, quiet (left) and active (right) [more]

"On Nov. 5th, the ring current was pumped up by hours of strong geomagnetic storming, with energy dissipating into these SAR arcs," says Jeff Baumgardner of Boston University's Center for Space Physics. "It was a global event. Our cameras registered SAR arc activity from Italy to New Zealand."

Recent research has linked SAR arcs to another phenomenon that is not an aurora: STEVE. The mauve ribbon in the sky was not originally thought to have anything to do with Earth's ring current. Yet in 2015, observers in New Zealand caught a bright red SAR arc transforming itself into STEVE like a caterpillar into a butterfly.

On Nov. 5th, Mark Savage may have witnessed the same metamorphosis over Northumberland, UK:

Visible to the naked eye, STEVE materialized from an overhanging red arc. "The entire process took about 10 minutes," says Savage. This timescale roughly matches that of another SAR-to-STEVE transition observed over Canada in April 2022. Clearly, the two phenomena are linked, but researchers aren't sure how.

"The connection is still elusive," says Carlos Martinis, a leading researcher in the field at Boston University. "Sometimes SAR arcs evolve into STEVE--but not always. This is a very active field of research, involving citizen scientists and researchers."

Did you see an SAR arc on Nov. 5th? Submit your pictures here.

more SAR images: from Greg Redfern of Shenandoah National Park, Virginia; from Dean Cosgrove near Stockville, Nebraska; from Chris Cook of Borrego Springs, California; from Todd Bush of Banner Elk, North Carolina; from Ronnie Sherrill of Troutman, North Carolina; from George Preoteasa of Milford, PA; from David Blanchard of Wupatki National Monument, Arizona; from Hunter Outten of Laurel, Delaware; from Caryl Bohn of West Oak, Nebraska; from Ken Sklute of Phoenix, Arizona; from Bernhard Deufel of Horgen, Switzerland; from Klaus Steinberg of Troisdorf, Germany; from Bernhard Deufel of Horgen, Switzerland

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

VOYAGER GOLDEN RECORD CHRISTMAS ORNAMENT: This is a must-have Christmas ornament for space fans: The Voyager Golden Record. On Oct. 31, 2023, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $99.95. The 3-inch aluminum disk is imprinted with instructions intended for extraterrestrials, telling them how to play the phonographs now sailing through interstellar space onboard NASA's Voyager probes. Having touched the edge of space, it's the closest thing on Earth to an actual Golden Record.

The students are selling these unique ornaments to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the ornament in flight and extra materials decoding the markings on the disk.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
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Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
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  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Nov 08, 2023, the network reported 19 fireballs.
(16 sporadics, 2 Northern Taurids, 1 Orionid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On November 8, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 JF
2023-Nov-03
15.2 LD
17.2
39
2023 VL1
2023-Nov-03
12.1 LD
14.7
21
2023 VW1
2023-Nov-03
2.4 LD
13.8
42
2023 VJ
2023-Nov-03
9.7 LD
16.5
29
2023 QP8
2023-Nov-03
17.1 LD
8.8
180
2016 VW2
2023-Nov-03
10.1 LD
8.1
20
2019 UH7
2023-Nov-04
9.9 LD
5.9
11
2023 VE1
2023-Nov-04
0.1 LD
6.5
3
2023 TL31
2023-Nov-04
8.1 LD
9.2
28
2023 VM3
2023-Nov-04
9.2 LD
12.1
15
2023 VT2
2023-Nov-04
11.1 LD
14.8
21
2023 VO1
2023-Nov-04
0.2 LD
16.4
4
2023 VU
2023-Nov-05
2.6 LD
14.4
20
2023 VE3
2023-Nov-05
1.2 LD
10.5
15
2023 UG4
2023-Nov-06
6.5 LD
3.5
18
2023 VG1
2023-Nov-06
7.9 LD
10.3
13
2023 TO15
2023-Nov-06
15.2 LD
11.2
50
2023 VE
2023-Nov-07
3.1 LD
12.1
11
2023 VS
2023-Nov-07
1 LD
3.5
4
2023 VH2
2023-Nov-07
17.3 LD
14.3
28
2023 VB2
2023-Nov-07
0.1 LD
18
8
2023 VD2
2023-Nov-07
0.1 LD
8.1
3
2023 VR
2023-Nov-07
2.4 LD
11.8
10
2023 TD14
2023-Nov-08
9.3 LD
6.3
25
2023 VD3
2023-Nov-08
1.3 LD
17.9
14
2023 VZ2
2023-Nov-08
5.6 LD
11.2
15
2023 VW
2023-Nov-08
1.7 LD
8
9
2023 VC
2023-Nov-09
6.3 LD
9.6
29
2023 VN1
2023-Nov-09
14.4 LD
7.6
14
2023 VU2
2023-Nov-10
1.9 LD
6.1
8
2023 VD1
2023-Nov-11
17.2 LD
10
32
2023 VL2
2023-Nov-11
2.7 LD
5.9
8
2023 VK3
2023-Nov-11
7.4 LD
3.7
8
2023 UQ4
2023-Nov-11
10.7 LD
8.4
39
2023 VF3
2023-Nov-12
8.9 LD
9
19
2023 VK1
2023-Nov-12
10.1 LD
9.1
28
2023 TZ2
2023-Nov-12
19 LD
2.8
24
2023 VY1
2023-Nov-13
8.9 LD
6.3
40
2014 BA3
2023-Nov-13
15.7 LD
2.7
8
2023 VV1
2023-Nov-13
2 LD
3.7
6
2023 VX
2023-Nov-13
17.4 LD
11.1
50
2023 UO
2023-Nov-15
6.4 LD
6.8
38
2021 TN3
2023-Nov-15
17 LD
6.3
31
2019 VL5
2023-Nov-16
8.5 LD
8.2
24
2019 LB1
2023-Nov-18
15.8 LD
4.2
14
2016 DK1
2023-Nov-19
5.3 LD
6.8
12
2022 VR1
2023-Nov-19
8.1 LD
6.1
39
2019 UT6
2023-Nov-24
9 LD
13.2
141
2019 CZ2
2023-Nov-25
2.8 LD
5.8
44
2023 VM1
2023-Nov-26
10.9 LD
8.9
44
2013 UB3
2023-Nov-27
18.5 LD
5.4
25
1998 WB2
2023-Dec-03
11 LD
14.2
151
2013 VX4
2023-Dec-04
5.1 LD
6.6
60
2023 TB27
2023-Dec-06
17 LD
4.3
45
139622
2023-Dec-06
14.4 LD
6.7
719
2020 HX3
2023-Dec-10
9.8 LD
15.7
13
2010 XF3
2023-Dec-11
19.4 LD
4
46
2016 XD2
2023-Dec-19
18.7 LD
6.9
59
341843
2023-Dec-20
16.5 LD
5.3
344
2018 YJ2
2023-Dec-21
18.4 LD
13.1
154
2022 YG
2023-Dec-22
10.8 LD
5.1
17
2020 YO3
2023-Dec-23
3.6 LD
16.6
42
2010 UE51
2023-Dec-24
9 LD
1.3
7
2020 YR2
2023-Dec-25
13.8 LD
8
8
2021 AM6
2023-Dec-31
18.3 LD
6.6
17
2019 KK5
2024-Jan-03
10.6 LD
20.9
98
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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