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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 411.7 km/sec
density: 5.5 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B6
1750 UT Apr06
24-hr: C3
1027 UT Apr06
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 06 Apr 22
Expand: labels | no labels
There are 5 numbered sunspot groups on the sun today. All have relatively stable magnetic fields; strong solar flares are unlikely. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 75
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 06 Apr 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 0 days (0%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 06 Apr 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 12.43
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 06 Apr 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 122 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 06 Apr 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +7.1% High
48-hr change: +0.9%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 06 Apr 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.1 nT
Bz: 2.9 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
Coronal Holes: 06 Apr 22

Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole should reach Earth on April 10-11.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds is over. It ended on Feb. 20, 2022, concluding the weakest NLC season in 14 years. The northern season will begin in late May..
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Apr 06 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
10 %
10 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Apr 06 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
30 %
MINOR
30 %
15 %
SEVERE
15 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
05 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
30 %
SEVERE
70 %
40 %
 
Wednesday, Apr. 6, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1-CLASS): Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on April 6th and 7th when at least one CME is expected to graze Earth's magnetic field. There might even be two strikes. A pair of CMEs left the sun over the weekend, one propelled by a solar flare (M4-class), the other by an exploding magnetic filament. Neither CME is heading directly for Earth, but both could deliver glancing blows beginning midday on April 6th. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

SOLAR CYCLE UPDATE: New sunspot counts from NOAA confirm that Solar Cycle 25 is racing ahead of the official forecast--and the gap is growing:


See the complete labeled plot or play with an interactive version from NOAA

Sunspot counts have now exceeded predictions for 18 straight months. The monthly value at the end of March was more than twice the forecast, and the highest in nearly 7 years.

The "official forecast" comes from the Solar Cycle Prediction Panel, a group of scientists representing NOAA, NASA and International Space Environmental Services (ISES). The Panel predicted that Solar Cycle 25 would peak in July 2025 as a relatively weak cycle, similar in magnitude to its predecessor Solar Cycle 24. Instead, Solar Cycle 25 is shaping up to be stronger.

In March 2022, the sun produced 146 solar flares, including one X-flare and 13 M-flares. Auroras were sighted as far south as Colorado (+38N) and Nebraska (+42N). Multiple shortwave radio blackouts disrupted communications on ships at sea and airplanes flying over the poles. If current trends continue, April will be even busier. Stay tuned. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

MAGNETIC FILAMENTS ON THE SUN: Sunspots aren't the only things on the sun that explode. So do filaments of magnetism. There are three of them on the sun today, circled in this photo from Eduardo Schaberger Poupeau of Rafaela, Argentina:

Magnetic filaments are plasma-filled tubes of magnetism that meander through the sun's atmosphere. They easily become unstable and erupt, hurling fragments of themselves into space. A CME from just such an eruption is due to graze Earth's magnetic field on April 6th.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

STERLING SILVER DOLPHIN PENDANT: On Feb. 28, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray research balloon. This sterling silver dolphin hitched a ride, flying 111,101 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of Central California:

You can have it for $142.95. Leaping through blue crystal waves, the playful cetacean is 100% 925 sterling silver. It comes with a matching 18-inch sterling silver chain  The entire pendant is lead-free, nickel-free, cadmium-free, and totally hypoallergenic.

Each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the dolphin in flight, and telling the story of its trip to the edge of space and back again. All sales support the student's cosmic ray research program.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Apr 06, 2022, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(8 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On April 6, 2022 there were 1992 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 GK
2022-Apr-01
2.1 LD
12.7
12
2022 GD
2022-Apr-01
11.9 LD
10.1
25
2022 GC
2022-Apr-01
0.1 LD
15.6
5
2022 FF3
2022-Apr-01
2.6 LD
5.3
10
2022 GV1
2022-Apr-01
12.6 LD
6.2
17
2022 GS1
2022-Apr-01
2.5 LD
8.1
13
2022 GQ
2022-Apr-01
0.1 LD
6.9
3
2007 FF1
2022-Apr-01
19.4 LD
12.8
155
2022 GS
2022-Apr-02
16.2 LD
5.3
26
2022 FQ
2022-Apr-02
8 LD
10.4
37
2021 GN1
2022-Apr-02
14.4 LD
14.3
19
2016 GW221
2022-Apr-02
9.8 LD
5.9
41
2022 FE2
2022-Apr-02
10 LD
10.6
31
2022 FJ1
2022-Apr-02
16.5 LD
5
27
2022 GT1
2022-Apr-02
11.4 LD
20.9
51
2022 FL
2022-Apr-03
8.7 LD
7.3
21
2017 WN13
2022-Apr-04
6.3 LD
19.5
102
2022 EN2
2022-Apr-04
18.7 LD
5.6
37
2022 FG3
2022-Apr-04
12.6 LD
7.4
24
2022 GH
2022-Apr-04
6.9 LD
10.6
40
2022 FO3
2022-Apr-04
6.7 LD
11.3
21
2012 TV
2022-Apr-05
19.2 LD
18.1
32
2022 GN1
2022-Apr-06
0.3 LD
15.5
10
2022 GZ1
2022-Apr-06
0.6 LD
11.2
6
2022 GA2
2022-Apr-07
1 LD
8.1
5
2022 GO
2022-Apr-07
15 LD
9.6
26
2022 GQ1
2022-Apr-07
0.6 LD
7.8
9
2022 GP1
2022-Apr-07
4.5 LD
6.6
16
2022 GP
2022-Apr-08
2.3 LD
17.6
19
2022 GX
2022-Apr-08
3.8 LD
12.9
13
2022 GT
2022-Apr-09
12.4 LD
4.9
16
2022 GY1
2022-Apr-09
6.8 LD
10.5
40
2022 FU4
2022-Apr-09
8.3 LD
4.7
13
2022 GE2
2022-Apr-10
12.2 LD
9.1
14
2020 GH1
2022-Apr-10
17.9 LD
7.2
28
2022 FT3
2022-Apr-10
19.8 LD
11
22
2017 TO2
2022-Apr-10
17.9 LD
11.6
78
363599
2022-Apr-12
19.3 LD
24.5
221
2022 FR3
2022-Apr-14
18.3 LD
8.4
92
2020 TQ6
2022-Apr-18
13.4 LD
15.4
43
2022 FN3
2022-Apr-19
15.1 LD
6.3
39
2017 UR2
2022-Apr-22
19.4 LD
9.3
10
2020 VN1
2022-Apr-25
19.3 LD
2.3
9
418135
2022-Apr-28
8.5 LD
10.4
443
2017 XO2
2022-May-01
18.8 LD
12.4
118
2017 HG1
2022-May-04
18.2 LD
6
11
467460
2022-May-09
14.9 LD
11.3
513
2019 JE
2022-May-11
4.9 LD
7.2
20
2012 UX68
2022-May-15
2.8 LD
8.2
54
388945
2022-May-15
15 LD
8.2
287
2013 UX
2022-May-17
16.8 LD
16.3
141
2021 WY
2022-May-18
16.9 LD
9
65
7335
2022-May-27
10.5 LD
13.1
1108
2021 KO2
2022-May-30
3.1 LD
14.8
9
2020 DA4
2022-Jun-01
5.5 LD
8.9
26
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century.  It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.

We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. 

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:

The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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