 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.67 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 7.14 nT
Bz: -2.26 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT Coronal Holes: 02 Mar 23 
Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on March 6th. Credit: SDO/AIA  Noctilucent Clouds
The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 1st. Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar Updated Mar02 SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2023 Mar 02 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 45 % | 45 % | CLASS X | 10 % | 10 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2023 Mar 02 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 30 % | MINOR | 01 % | 10 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 30 % | SEVERE | 20 % | 40 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too! | | | GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on March 4th and 5th in response to an incoming CME. Hurled into space by the M8.6-class flare of Feb. 28th, the CME is not heading directly for Earth. Instead it will deliver only a glancing blow when it arrives. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. SOLAR CYCLE UPDATE: February was another strong month for Solar Cycle 25. According to NOAA, the average sunspot number was among the highest of the past 10 years: 
Originally, forecasters thought Solar Cycle 25 would be about the same as Solar Cycle 24, one of the weakest solar cycles in a century. February's sunspot numbers are the latest sign that Solar Cycle 25 will exceed predictions. In fact, Solar Cycle 25 has outperformed the official forecast for more than 24 months in a row. Solar Maximum is not expected until 2024 or 2025, so the solar cycle has plenty of time to strengthen even more, bringing X-flares, geomagnetic storms and auroras. You can follow the progression here. VENUS-JUPITER CONJUNCTION: When the sun goes down tonight, step outside and look west. Venus and Jupiter are shining through the twilight less than 1 degree apart. Ruslan Merzlakov photographed the ongoing conjunction from Thy National Park in Denmark: 
"I was able to capture this magical conjunction reflected in a small forest lake," says Merzlakov. "It was like a kiss in the sky." more images: from Soumyadeep Mukherjee of Dhanbad, India; from Karzaman Ahmad of Langkawi Island, Malaysia; from Andres Páez Joannis of Chihuahua, Chih. México; from Mike White of Canterbury, New Zealand; from Toms Bokums of Liepaja, Latvia; from Gwenaël Blanck of Paris, France; from Jorge Luis Arango Gaviria of Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter SOLAR ECLIPSE CRYSTAL PYRAMID: On Aug. 21, 2017, during the Great American Solar Eclipse, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched 11 space weather balloons from the path of totality. The armada soared into the stratosphere, touching the shadow of the Moon more than 100,000 feet above Earth's surface. This pyramid hitched a ride: 
You can have it for $159.95. With the sun, Earth, and Moon perfectly aligned, the faces of the 5-sided crystal caught the reflection of the eclipsed sun. Watch the video! The pyramid comes with a gift card showing the crystal floating at the top of Earth's atmosphere and passing through the Moon's shadow. The interior of the card tells the story of the flight and confirms that this gift has been to the edge of space and back again. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Mar 01 2023, the network reported 4 fireballs.
(4 sporadics)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On March 2, 2023 there were 2331 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2023 DG2 | 2023-Feb-25 | 10.4 LD | 5.6 | 24 | | 2023 DL1 | 2023-Feb-25 | 4.3 LD | 8.4 | 15 | | 2023 DR | 2023-Feb-25 | 0.2 LD | 14 | 4 | | 2023 DK | 2023-Feb-25 | 6.6 LD | 4 | 9 | | 2023 DH1 | 2023-Feb-25 | 2.8 LD | 7 | 16 | | 2023 DX1 | 2023-Feb-25 | 5.7 LD | 6.4 | 26 | | 2023 CG1 | 2023-Feb-25 | 15.2 LD | 6.5 | 32 | | 2023 DA | 2023-Feb-26 | 2.8 LD | 5.9 | 18 | | 2023 CX2 | 2023-Feb-27 | 7.6 LD | 2.3 | 11 | | 2023 CC2 | 2023-Feb-27 | 16.2 LD | 5.1 | 31 | | 2012 DK31 | 2023-Feb-27 | 12.6 LD | 15.5 | 143 | | 2023 EA | 2023-Feb-27 | 1.7 LD | 18.7 | 17 | | 2023 DR1 | 2023-Feb-28 | 5.2 LD | 6.6 | 10 | | 2006 BE55 | 2023-Feb-28 | 9.4 LD | 13.3 | 145 | | 2023 DJ1 | 2023-Mar-01 | 2.8 LD | 6.2 | 8 | | 2023 DK1 | 2023-Mar-02 | 9.2 LD | 9.2 | 15 | | 2023 DX | 2023-Mar-03 | 5.2 LD | 13.1 | 24 | | 2021 QW | 2023-Mar-03 | 13.9 LD | 12.1 | 79 | | 2017 BM123 | 2023-Mar-03 | 12.1 LD | 7.8 | 61 | | 2023 DN1 | 2023-Mar-03 | 7.4 LD | 7.3 | 16 | | 2007 ED125 | 2023-Mar-03 | 11.7 LD | 13.1 | 224 | | 2015 EG | 2023-Mar-04 | 13.9 LD | 10.6 | 27 | | 2023 DU | 2023-Mar-05 | 3.3 LD | 11.7 | 30 | | 2023 BK5 | 2023-Mar-05 | 17.8 LD | 8.4 | 62 | | 2023 EC | 2023-Mar-05 | 11.8 LD | 8 | 28 | | 535844 | 2023-Mar-07 | 10.5 LD | 7.7 | 149 | | 2023 DQ | 2023-Mar-08 | 6.2 LD | 22.8 | 169 | | 2020 FQ | 2023-Mar-09 | 14 LD | 6.3 | 13 | | 2020 FV4 | 2023-Mar-13 | 17.6 LD | 8.2 | 30 | | 2023 CM | 2023-Mar-14 | 10.3 LD | 14 | 190 | | 2023 DM | 2023-Mar-15 | 8.5 LD | 7.4 | 65 | | 2018 UQ1 | 2023-Mar-17 | 10.7 LD | 11.7 | 143 | | 2016 WH | 2023-Mar-19 | 18.1 LD | 11.8 | 14 | | 2018 FE3 | 2023-Mar-21 | 10.1 LD | 5.4 | 13 | | 2023 CE4 | 2023-Mar-29 | 20 LD | 10.1 | 93 | | 2022 YK4 | 2023-Mar-29 | 11.9 LD | 2.3 | 25 | | 2017 SE12 | 2023-Mar-30 | 5.2 LD | 8.4 | 15 | | 2016 GH1 | 2023-Mar-30 | 7.7 LD | 5.8 | 11 | | 2022 GO3 | 2023-Apr-02 | 17 LD | 11.6 | 15 | | 2021 GN1 | 2023-Apr-02 | 17.7 LD | 14.2 | 18 | | 2018 FD | 2023-Apr-07 | 17.9 LD | 8.2 | 47 | | 2019 GK21 | 2023-Apr-13 | 15.2 LD | 8.1 | 27 | | 2022 YK9 | 2023-Apr-13 | 19.9 LD | 9.9 | 175 | | 436774 | 2023-Apr-13 | 12.5 LD | 17.6 | 719 | | 2006 HV5 | 2023-Apr-26 | 6.3 LD | 17.4 | 400 | | 2021 JF2 | 2023-Apr-28 | 16.6 LD | 8 | 19 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low: 
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page | | | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | To find reviews of new online casino sites in the UK try The Casino DB where there are hundreds of online casino reviews complete with bonuses and ratings. Alternatively, Online-Casinos.xyz is another massive directory of online casinos listing sites for the UK and Worldwide. Casinos that offer Rupees for bonuses are very generous to Indian players. Find the best online casinos in India at AllCasinos.in Looking for a new online casino? Try Casimpo the new site dedicated to making online casino simple, or check out the new Avenger Slots Casino and Ace Online Casino with over 500 online slots and casino games. | | When looking for casinos to play online when the weather is bad, you can try casino online trucchi for Italian games. If you are not from Finland you can try the Swedish page Svenska casino online to find suitable games, check out svenskacasinoonline.net. Always check your local laws before playing with real money. | | Looking for sports betting companies not registered on GamStop? CasinoGap has presented a list of sites not on GamStop available for UK players. Check and bet online! Would you like to bet at sites not using GamStop? Look at a list of NonStopCasino sites for online betting that aren't on GamStop. Top-rated bookmakers ever! | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
