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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 516.5 km/sec
density: 12.72 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M3
2116 UT Mar02
24-hr: M3
2116 UT Mar02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 02 Mar 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Departing sunspot AR3234 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 105
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 02 Mar 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 02 Mar 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 23.47
x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 02 Mar 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 162 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Mar 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -3.9% Below Average
48-hr change: -0.9%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 01 Mar 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.67
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 7.14 nT
Bz: -2.26 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 02 Mar 23

Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on March 6th.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 1st.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Mar02
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Mar 02 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
45 %
45 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Mar 02 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
30 %
MINOR
01 %
10 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
30 %
SEVERE
20 %
40 %
 
Thursday, Mar. 2, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on March 4th and 5th in response to an incoming CME. Hurled into space by the M8.6-class flare of Feb. 28th, the CME is not heading directly for Earth. Instead it will deliver only a glancing blow when it arrives. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

SOLAR CYCLE UPDATE: February was another strong month for Solar Cycle 25. According to NOAA, the average sunspot number was among the highest of the past 10 years:

Originally, forecasters thought Solar Cycle 25 would be about the same as Solar Cycle 24, one of the weakest solar cycles in a century. February's sunspot numbers are the latest sign that Solar Cycle 25 will exceed predictions. In fact, Solar Cycle 25 has outperformed the official forecast for more than 24 months in a row.

Solar Maximum is not expected until 2024 or 2025, so the solar cycle has plenty of time to strengthen even more, bringing X-flares, geomagnetic storms and auroras. You can follow the progression here.

VENUS-JUPITER CONJUNCTION: When the sun goes down tonight, step outside and look west. Venus and Jupiter are shining through the twilight less than 1 degree apart. Ruslan Merzlakov photographed the ongoing conjunction from Thy National Park in Denmark:

"I was able to capture this magical conjunction reflected in a small forest lake," says Merzlakov. "It was like a kiss in the sky."

more images: from Soumyadeep Mukherjee of Dhanbad, India; from Karzaman Ahmad of Langkawi Island, Malaysia; from Andres Páez Joannis of Chihuahua, Chih. México; from Mike White of Canterbury, New Zealand; from Toms Bokums of Liepaja, Latvia; from Gwenaël Blanck of Paris, France; from Jorge Luis Arango Gaviria of Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SOLAR ECLIPSE CRYSTAL PYRAMID: On Aug. 21, 2017, during the Great American Solar Eclipse, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched 11 space weather balloons from the path of totality. The armada soared into the stratosphere, touching the shadow of the Moon more than 100,000 feet above Earth's surface. This pyramid hitched a ride:

You can have it for $159.95. With the sun, Earth, and Moon perfectly aligned, the faces of the 5-sided crystal caught the reflection of the eclipsed sun. Watch the video! The pyramid comes with a gift card showing the crystal floating at the top of Earth's atmosphere and passing through the Moon's shadow. The interior of the card tells the story of the flight and confirms that this gift has been to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Mar 01 2023, the network reported 4 fireballs.
(4 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On March 2, 2023 there were 2331 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 DG2
2023-Feb-25
10.4 LD
5.6
24
2023 DL1
2023-Feb-25
4.3 LD
8.4
15
2023 DR
2023-Feb-25
0.2 LD
14
4
2023 DK
2023-Feb-25
6.6 LD
4
9
2023 DH1
2023-Feb-25
2.8 LD
7
16
2023 DX1
2023-Feb-25
5.7 LD
6.4
26
2023 CG1
2023-Feb-25
15.2 LD
6.5
32
2023 DA
2023-Feb-26
2.8 LD
5.9
18
2023 CX2
2023-Feb-27
7.6 LD
2.3
11
2023 CC2
2023-Feb-27
16.2 LD
5.1
31
2012 DK31
2023-Feb-27
12.6 LD
15.5
143
2023 EA
2023-Feb-27
1.7 LD
18.7
17
2023 DR1
2023-Feb-28
5.2 LD
6.6
10
2006 BE55
2023-Feb-28
9.4 LD
13.3
145
2023 DJ1
2023-Mar-01
2.8 LD
6.2
8
2023 DK1
2023-Mar-02
9.2 LD
9.2
15
2023 DX
2023-Mar-03
5.2 LD
13.1
24
2021 QW
2023-Mar-03
13.9 LD
12.1
79
2017 BM123
2023-Mar-03
12.1 LD
7.8
61
2023 DN1
2023-Mar-03
7.4 LD
7.3
16
2007 ED125
2023-Mar-03
11.7 LD
13.1
224
2015 EG
2023-Mar-04
13.9 LD
10.6
27
2023 DU
2023-Mar-05
3.3 LD
11.7
30
2023 BK5
2023-Mar-05
17.8 LD
8.4
62
2023 EC
2023-Mar-05
11.8 LD
8
28
535844
2023-Mar-07
10.5 LD
7.7
149
2023 DQ
2023-Mar-08
6.2 LD
22.8
169
2020 FQ
2023-Mar-09
14 LD
6.3
13
2020 FV4
2023-Mar-13
17.6 LD
8.2
30
2023 CM
2023-Mar-14
10.3 LD
14
190
2023 DM
2023-Mar-15
8.5 LD
7.4
65
2018 UQ1
2023-Mar-17
10.7 LD
11.7
143
2016 WH
2023-Mar-19
18.1 LD
11.8
14
2018 FE3
2023-Mar-21
10.1 LD
5.4
13
2023 CE4
2023-Mar-29
20 LD
10.1
93
2022 YK4
2023-Mar-29
11.9 LD
2.3
25
2017 SE12
2023-Mar-30
5.2 LD
8.4
15
2016 GH1
2023-Mar-30
7.7 LD
5.8
11
2022 GO3
2023-Apr-02
17 LD
11.6
15
2021 GN1
2023-Apr-02
17.7 LD
14.2
18
2018 FD
2023-Apr-07
17.9 LD
8.2
47
2019 GK21
2023-Apr-13
15.2 LD
8.1
27
2022 YK9
2023-Apr-13
19.9 LD
9.9
175
436774
2023-Apr-13
12.5 LD
17.6
719
2006 HV5
2023-Apr-26
6.3 LD
17.4
400
2021 JF2
2023-Apr-28
16.6 LD
8
19
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona SEO and Arizona Business Directory and C8 Corvette | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer | Phoenix SEO
NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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