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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 488.0 km/sec
density: 6.60 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C3
1857 UT Jun30
24-hr: C5
1010 UT Jun30
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 30 Jun 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Sunspot AR3354 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 112
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 30 Jun 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 30 Jun 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.37x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 30 Jun 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 162 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 30 Jun 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -2.3% Below Average
48-hr change: +0.7%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 30 Jun 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 0.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.91 nT
Bz: 2.17 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 30 Jun 23

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: June 30, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Jun30
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Jun 30 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
40 %
40 %
CLASS X
05 %
05 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Jun 30 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
25 %
MINOR
15 %
10 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
20 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
30 %
20 %
 
Friday, Jun. 30, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. This is an AI Free Zone!

 

MINOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: NOAA forecasters say that a CME might graze Earth's magnetic field on July 1st. It was launched into space three days ago by an erupting magnetic filament in the sun's northern hemisphere. The glancing blow, if it occurs, could spark a minor G1-class geomagnetic storm. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

THE EVERSHED EFFECT: Giant sunspot AR3354 is so big, it's revealing things too small to see in lesser active regions. For example, today in Romania, astronomers Maximilian Teodorescu witnessed the Evershed Effect:

Note how matter streams radially out of the sunspot's core along penumbral filaments--that's the Evershed Effect. "It was fascinating to watch," says Teodorescu.

British astronomer John Evershed discovered the phenomenon in 1909 while he was working at the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in India. The government of India later made a postage stamp to celebrate it. More than 100 years later researchers still aren't certain what causes the Evershed Effect. A leading theory holds that material is being siphoned out of the sunspot through magnetic flux tubes much like a milkshake sucked out of a straw.

The animation above is only a fraction of what Teodorescu saw. The full field of view shows the Evershed Effect happening around the entire circumference of the sunspot.

more images: from Stuart Green of Preston, Lancashire, UK; from Francisco A. Rodriguez of Vega de San Mateo, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; from Mahdi Rahimi of Esfan, Iran; from Michael Karrer of Austria

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

WHERE NO MUG HAS GONE BEFORE (COLLECTOR'S ITEM): You can't buy this on Amazon. Only the Earth to Sky Store has the rare James T. Kirk Coffee Mug. Like the captain of the Enterprise, it has been to space:

On April 23rd, this 16 oz. ceramic mug featuring the face of WIlliam Shatnerflew to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloon. At the apex of the flight, it floated 97,438 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California.

You can have it for $170.10 (the serial number of the Enterprise divided by 10). It comes with a greeting card showing the mug in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jun 30, 2023, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On June 30, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 MD
2023-Jun-25
7 LD
4.1
28
2023 MO5
2023-Jun-25
1.5 LD
7.8
12
2023 MF1
2023-Jun-25
5 LD
17.8
38
2023 MU2
2023-Jun-25
0.6 LD
4.5
5
2023 ME1
2023-Jun-26
12.8 LD
12.1
28
2023 MH4
2023-Jun-27
2.7 LD
12.7
15
2023 MS2
2023-Jun-27
9.9 LD
11.1
35
2023 MO2
2023-Jun-27
14.6 LD
12.9
42
2023 MG4
2023-Jun-28
12.5 LD
12.4
35
2013 WV44
2023-Jun-28
9.1 LD
11.8
95
2023 MN1
2023-Jun-29
9.5 LD
15
36
2023 MR1
2023-Jun-29
6 LD
12.1
61
2023 MX2
2023-Jun-29
1.2 LD
4.3
8
2022 MM1
2023-Jun-29
9.8 LD
9.7
41
2023 MZ5
2023-Jun-30
2.6 LD
10.8
21
2023 LG2
2023-Jul-01
5.7 LD
2.8
25
2023 MB6
2023-Jul-01
6.1 LD
10.9
42
2020 NC
2023-Jul-02
13.9 LD
7.7
123
2023 MT1
2023-Jul-03
2.9 LD
5.2
14
2023 HO6
2023-Jul-05
5.3 LD
7.8
181
2023 ME4
2023-Jul-06
3 LD
10.7
34
2023 LH2
2023-Jul-06
18.8 LD
7.9
36
2019 LH5
2023-Jul-07
14.9 LD
21.6
281
2018 NW
2023-Jul-10
18 LD
21.8
10
2023 LN1
2023-Jul-10
17.9 LD
5.8
63
2023 MD2
2023-Jul-11
5.6 LD
8.4
48
2023 MQ1
2023-Jul-11
10.7 LD
6
51
2018 UY
2023-Jul-12
7.4 LD
16.4
243
2020 UQ3
2023-Jul-18
3.2 LD
9.3
59
2022 GX2
2023-Jul-20
11.9 LD
9.4
5
2020 OM
2023-Jul-20
8.5 LD
9.5
14
2023 MX5
2023-Jul-21
11.9 LD
11.8
57
2023 MM3
2023-Jul-22
19.1 LD
6.4
40
2015 MA54
2023-Jul-24
16.6 LD
9.2
31
2018 BG5
2023-Jul-27
10.7 LD
8.4
56
2020 PP1
2023-Jul-29
17 LD
4.1
17
2021 BD3
2023-Jul-30
14 LD
8.5
25
2016 AW65
2023-Jul-31
16.6 LD
5.7
54
2020 PN1
2023-Aug-03
10.8 LD
4.8
29
620082
2023-Aug-04
14 LD
20.6
375
2004 KG1
2023-Aug-06
18.7 LD
9.2
54
2022 BS2
2023-Aug-11
17.3 LD
8.2
30
2022 CP1
2023-Aug-17
13.8 LD
9.8
12
2011 QJ21
2023-Aug-19
13 LD
15.1
45
6037
2023-Aug-23
15.9 LD
14.3
563
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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