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CHANCE OF MINOR STORMS TODAY: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of minor G1-class geomagnetic storms on Nov. 22nd when a CME might sideswipe Earth's magnetic field. The faint CME was hurled into space on Nov. 19th by an erupting filament of magnetism in the sun's northern hemisphere. A glancing blow could spark bright auroras around the Arctic Circle. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.
THESE AURORAS ARE NOT AURORAS: Two nights ago astrophotographer Ruslan Merzlyakov went to the coastal wilderness of Denmark's Thy National Park and set up his camera for a long exposure of the Milky Way. He found the galaxy surrounded by aurora-like bands of red and green:
"It wasn't the aurora borealis," says Merzlyakov. "This was a magnificent display of airglow."
Airglow is aurora-like phenomenon caused by chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere. It gets started during the day when the air is illuminated by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. At night the delicate afterglow can be seen from dark-sky locations like Thy National Park.
Green airglow is caused by oxygen. Red airglow is more rare; it is caused by OH. These neutral molecules (not to be confused with the OH- ion found in aqueous solutions) exist in a thin layer 85 km high where gravity waves impress the red glow with a dramatic rippling structure.
Who needs auroras? "The airglow," says Merzlyakov, "was out of this world."
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
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DIMORPHOS STILL HAS A TAIL: More than 2 months after NASA's DART spacecraft slammed into asteroid Dimorphos, debris from the collision is still visible. "Dimorphos still has a tail," reports Arizona amateur astronomer Eliot Herman, who photographed the battered asteroid on Nov. 20th and added it to his post-impact timeline:
When NASA sent DART to hit Dimorphos, the space agency hoped to change the asteroid's trajectory. It did that and more. A comet was born in the aftermath. DART's impact debris has formed a surprisingly durable tail more than 10,000 km long.
"It will be very interesting to the see the damage when the follow-up probe reaches Dimorphos," says Herman.
Four years from now Europe's Hera spacecraft will visit the asteroid to inspect the impact site. Hera was originally supposed to arrive before DART struck, but delays derailed the mission. All's well that ends well. The delay gives Hera a chance to survey the damage after the dust has finally settled.
more images: from Graziano Ventre of Italy
Realtime Dimorphos Photo Gallery
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AMBER BUMBLEBEE SPACE PENDANT: Bumblebees don't usually fly so high. On Oct 15, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched this one to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. Here it is floating 115,158 feet above California's Sierra Nevada:
You can have it for $179.95. This bee is made of genuine Baltic Amber with a sterling silver exoskeleton. The rich Cognac-colored pendant measures 3/4 inch and comes with a matching 18-inch sterling silver chain.
The students are selling these unique pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the bumblebee in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Nov 21, 2022, the network reported 25 fireballs.
(15 sporadics, 9 Leonids, 1 northern Taurid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On November 22, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
2022 WF2 | 2022-Nov-17 | 3.1 LD | 11.8 | 20 |
2022 WL | 2022-Nov-18 | 10.7 LD | 14.6 | 22 |
2022 US14 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.5 LD | 8.3 | 41 |
2022 WA | 2022-Nov-18 | 1.3 LD | 16.2 | 16 |
2022 VM2 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.2 LD | 3.7 | 25 |
2022 WS3 | 2022-Nov-18 | 3.4 LD | 8.9 | 13 |
2022 WO3 | 2022-Nov-18 | 6.6 LD | 6.6 | 26 |
2022 VO2 | 2022-Nov-19 | 8.9 LD | 14.6 | 23 |
2022 WS | 2022-Nov-19 | 1.9 LD | 5.3 | 7 |
2022 VU1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 7 LD | 7.1 | 17 |
2022 WM3 | 2022-Nov-20 | 0.5 LD | 6.4 | 8 |
2022 VR1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 4.1 LD | 5.7 | 39 |
2022 WN3 | 2022-Nov-20 | 1.3 LD | 19.6 | 17 |
2022 WD1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 16.5 LD | 13.2 | 25 |
2022 VX | 2022-Nov-20 | 11.2 LD | 5.9 | 15 |
2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
2022 WD | 2022-Nov-21 | 11 LD | 6.6 | 10 |
2022 WE2 | 2022-Nov-22 | 3.1 LD | 13.1 | 10 |
2022 WO1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 9.9 LD | 7.6 | 31 |
2022 WQ3 | 2022-Nov-22 | 1.1 LD | 14.5 | 9 |
2022 WG1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 4.5 LD | 25.6 | 24 |
2022 VS1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 6.5 LD | 7.7 | 22 |
2022 WN2 | 2022-Nov-22 | 2.8 LD | 5.3 | 6 |
2022 VT2 | 2022-Nov-22 | 3 LD | 6.8 | 21 |
2022 WN1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 18.5 LD | 10 | 24 |
2018 VL8 | 2022-Nov-22 | 16.3 LD | 18 | 98 |
2022 WZ1 | 2022-Nov-23 | 8.9 LD | 9.6 | 11 |
2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
2022 WR2 | 2022-Nov-23 | 9.3 LD | 7.7 | 16 |
2022 WS2 | 2022-Nov-23 | 8 LD | 11.7 | 16 |
2022 WL2 | 2022-Nov-23 | 5.9 LD | 8.1 | 12 |
2022 WQ1 | 2022-Nov-24 | 7.8 LD | 15.5 | 28 |
2022 WA4 | 2022-Nov-24 | 1.5 LD | 3.9 | 6 |
2022 WH2 | 2022-Nov-24 | 12.7 LD | 6.9 | 23 |
2022 WO | 2022-Nov-24 | 10.2 LD | 8.4 | 21 |
2022 WA2 | 2022-Nov-25 | 3.9 LD | 9.8 | 18 |
2022 WY3 | 2022-Nov-25 | 8.8 LD | 6.5 | 26 |
2022 WY | 2022-Nov-25 | 11.2 LD | 6.8 | 16 |
2022 UD72 | 2022-Nov-26 | 10.6 LD | 4.3 | 20 |
2022 WO2 | 2022-Nov-27 | 15.2 LD | 10 | 23 |
2022 VQ | 2022-Nov-27 | 7.6 LD | 8.2 | 29 |
2022 VB2 | 2022-Nov-29 | 9.1 LD | 8.5 | 33 |
2022 WK1 | 2022-Dec-01 | 14.2 LD | 12.2 | 40 |
2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
2022 UT8 | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.1 LD | 4.2 | 71 |
2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
2022 WD2 | 2022-Dec-03 | 7.4 LD | 7.4 | 26 |
2022 VP1 | 2022-Dec-05 | 17.3 LD | 7.1 | 57 |
2022 WW | 2022-Dec-10 | 19.2 LD | 6.2 | 31 |
2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
2003 YS70 | 2022-Dec-13 | 10.4 LD | 4.1 | 5 |
2019 XQ1 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.5 LD | 9.8 | 30 |
2018 XU3 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.8 LD | 10.3 | 30 |
2021 XS4 | 2022-Dec-14 | 14.5 LD | 9.7 | 23 |
2015 RN35 | 2022-Dec-15 | 1.8 LD | 5.9 | 84 |
2016 YE | 2022-Dec-18 | 18.6 LD | 4.8 | 23 |
2014 HK129 | 2022-Dec-20 | 6.7 LD | 11.6 | 214 |
2017 XQ60 | 2022-Dec-21 | 18.8 LD | 16 | 45 |
2022 UD9 | 2022-Dec-22 | 4.6 LD | 10.3 | 155 |
2022 RD2 | 2022-Dec-22 | 13.9 LD | 1.1 | 7 |
2013 YA14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 2.7 LD | 10.5 | 68 |
2022 TE14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 11.2 LD | 7 | 125 |
2018 YK2 | 2022-Dec-26 | 15.8 LD | 15.1 | 98 |
2010 XC15 | 2022-Dec-27 | 2 LD | 10.1 | 184 |
2021 AE | 2022-Dec-28 | 16.5 LD | 15 | 23 |
2021 NF | 2023-Jan-02 | 17.9 LD | 11.3 | 40 |
2011 WR41 | 2023-Jan-03 | 15.8 LD | 8.9 | 34 |
2019 AY3 | 2023-Jan-04 | 16.8 LD | 19.7 | 62 |
2021 TL | 2023-Jan-09 | 14.2 LD | 8.5 | 75 |
2014 LJ | 2023-Jan-14 | 4.8 LD | 3.5 | 7 |
2012 BV13 | 2023-Jan-16 | 12.2 LD | 6.7 | 129 |
2020 BP | 2023-Jan-20 | 5.2 LD | 16.9 | 26 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| the underlying science of space weather |
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