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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 328.8 km/sec
density: 7.78 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
2330 UT Oct20
24-hr: C2
2330 UT Oct20
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 20 Oct 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
These three sunspots have stable magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 39
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 20 Oct 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 20 Oct 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 19.04x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 19 Oct 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 129 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Oct 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -2.5% Low
48-hr change: -0.7%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Oct 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 8.42 nT
Bz: -7.23 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 20 Oct 23

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Aug. 29, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Oct20
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Oct 20 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
05 %
05 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Oct 20 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
25 %
MINOR
10 %
10 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
40 %
35 %
 
Friday, Oct. 20, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

MORE CMES ARE COMING: A pair of CMEs might graze Earth's magnetic field on Oct. 21st, say NOAA forecasters. They left the sun in quick succession on Oct. 17-18, neither one squarely targeting Earth. However, two glancing blows might be enough to cause a G1-class geomagnetic storm. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

COSMIC RAY BALLOON PAYLOAD TRAPPED IN A GLACIER: Earlier this month, we reported on efforts to recover a lost Earth to Sky Calculus balloon payload. It was launched in October 2022--a full year ago--as part of our routine monitoring of atmospheric radiation. The launch went beautifully, but the landing did not. Blown off-course by winds in the stratosphere, the payload parachuted back to Earth near Echo Lake, a mile-wide pool of melted snow in California's Sierra Nevada at an altitude of 12,000 ft:


Echo Lake viewed from the landing site on Oct. 5, 2023

A year later it's still there. The payload touched down on a rocky slope almost a thousand feet above the lake. It was quickly buried by the Great Winter of 2023. at one point under as much as 30 feet of snow.

Recovery teams led by Dr. Tony Phillips have visited Echo Lake five times (Oct. & Nov. 2022, August, Sept. and Oct. 2023) each time getting a little closer to the payload, but never recovering it. On Oct. 5th, we finally reached the landing site. What we found surprised us:


The payload is buried as much as 4 ft deep in this re-glaciating snow field.

The area around the landing site has experienced a remarkable "re-glaciation" event. Rocky terrain once dessicated by years of California drought is now a dense field of ice and snow impervious to summer heat. The payload is trapped in this almost-rock hard layer of snow. Our shovels bounced off the surface with no effect.

We're going back this weekend, and this time we're taking a chainsaw. We hope to cut through the ice and find our cosmic ray sensors preserved in the frozen subsurface. If the payload is recovered, we will be able to finally stitch together a complete record of radiation data for the past year. Wish us luck, and stay tuned for updates!

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

HANDMADE ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE PENDANT: This pendant has touched the shadow of the Moon. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere on Oct. 14, 2023, during the annular solar eclipse. The handmade pendant was 78,500 feet high when the Moon's shadow arrived and wrapped it in a cool twilight-like darkness:

You can have it for $129.95. The pendant left Earth from Nevada's Valley of the Moon, a remote area filled with the scent of sage and herds of wild horses. Indeed, no fewer than three mustang families approached the launch team during the eclipse to see what was going on. It was a magical experience.

The students are selling space pendants to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the jewelry in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
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  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 20, 2023, the network reported 20 fireballs.
(15 sporadics, 2 Orionids, 2 Southern Taurids, 1 Leonis Minorid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On October 20, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 US2
2023-Oct-15
9.2 LD
11.8
15
2023 TC7
2023-Oct-15
1.7 LD
6.8
15
2023 TZ6
2023-Oct-15
11.1 LD
12.5
19
2011 GA
2023-Oct-15
6.8 LD
16.6
230
2023 UY1
2023-Oct-15
10.8 LD
6.2
13
2023 UX1
2023-Oct-15
6.6 LD
20.7
23
2023 UB
2023-Oct-15
0.2 LD
15.6
4
2023 TZ8
2023-Oct-15
11.1 LD
9.4
17
2007 SQ6
2023-Oct-15
19.4 LD
6.5
128
2023 US
2023-Oct-16
10.9 LD
8.6
23
2023 TA4
2023-Oct-16
7.3 LD
4.1
11
2023 TR15
2023-Oct-16
3.4 LD
8.8
9
2023 UR2
2023-Oct-16
3.3 LD
8.2
19
2019 UZ3
2023-Oct-16
9.6 LD
8.3
14
2023 TT8
2023-Oct-16
5.8 LD
7.9
17
2023 TN15
2023-Oct-16
12.4 LD
3.9
12
1998 HH49
2023-Oct-17
3.1 LD
14.8
193
2023 UU1
2023-Oct-17
1.4 LD
9.1
12
2023 TF8
2023-Oct-17
5.5 LD
20.1
15
2023 TT15
2023-Oct-17
6.2 LD
6.4
9
2023 TH12
2023-Oct-17
7.8 LD
8.3
23
2023 TT16
2023-Oct-17
1.4 LD
20.2
9
2023 TT36
2023-Oct-18
11.7 LD
7.1
19
2023 UJ1
2023-Oct-18
13.4 LD
14.7
22
2022 UO10
2023-Oct-19
7.8 LD
9.8
16
2023 TH4
2023-Oct-19
5.5 LD
5.4
14
2023 TM14
2023-Oct-19
8.3 LD
7
17
2023 TY19
2023-Oct-19
14.6 LD
9.2
18
2023 TP7
2023-Oct-19
8 LD
11.7
27
2023 UP
2023-Oct-19
2.7 LD
14.2
9
2023 UW1
2023-Oct-19
2.1 LD
7.4
16
2020 UR
2023-Oct-20
5.8 LD
12.9
9
2023 TK15
2023-Oct-20
1 LD
22
23
2023 UH
2023-Oct-20
6.8 LD
11.1
21
2023 UV1
2023-Oct-21
2.9 LD
9.7
19
2023 UR1
2023-Oct-21
2.2 LD
8.2
37
2023 UW
2023-Oct-21
4.2 LD
6
9
2023 UN
2023-Oct-21
1.3 LD
11.2
24
2023 UL2
2023-Oct-21
14.6 LD
15.7
50
2023 UH1
2023-Oct-21
9.9 LD
5.1
14
2023 UP2
2023-Oct-21
3.7 LD
8.7
17
2023 UG1
2023-Oct-22
4.4 LD
2.9
11
2023 TW4
2023-Oct-22
6.4 LD
10.5
26
2023 TX2
2023-Oct-22
13.2 LD
7.5
30
2023 TW26
2023-Oct-22
2.3 LD
5.6
7
2023 UZ
2023-Oct-22
2.5 LD
13.1
12
2023 TP16
2023-Oct-23
3.8 LD
1.5
4
2023 TV4
2023-Oct-23
5.1 LD
5
29
2023 TC6
2023-Oct-23
13.4 LD
8.5
35
2020 FM6
2023-Oct-23
15.5 LD
15.9
149
2023 TX8
2023-Oct-24
3.3 LD
5.6
18
2019 HH4
2023-Oct-24
13.3 LD
20
381
2023 TE6
2023-Oct-24
17 LD
4.2
18
2023 RA4
2023-Oct-24
8.4 LD
3.9
47
2023 SO11
2023-Oct-25
3.3 LD
2.5
16
2023 TG14
2023-Oct-26
4.2 LD
6.7
24
2023 UJ2
2023-Oct-26
11.8 LD
3.2
47
2023 TR7
2023-Oct-26
19.3 LD
11.4
30
2021 SZ4
2023-Oct-26
14 LD
30
289
302169
2023-Oct-26
12.7 LD
25.7
374
2023 UA2
2023-Oct-29
12.9 LD
9.2
14
525229
2023-Oct-30
10.6 LD
17.4
200
2023 TW6
2023-Oct-31
19.2 LD
24.4
88
2013 UV3
2023-Nov-01
14.7 LD
15.4
15
2016 WY
2023-Nov-02
9.1 LD
3.9
5
363505
2023-Nov-02
13.7 LD
8
709
2022 JF
2023-Nov-03
15.2 LD
17.2
39
2023 QP8
2023-Nov-03
17.1 LD
8.8
180
2016 VW2
2023-Nov-03
10.1 LD
8.1
20
2019 UH7
2023-Nov-04
9.9 LD
5.9
11
2023 TL31
2023-Nov-04
8.2 LD
9.2
28
2023 TO15
2023-Nov-06
15.2 LD
11.2
48
2023 TD14
2023-Nov-08
9.3 LD
6.3
24
2023 TZ2
2023-Nov-12
19 LD
2.8
24
2014 BA3
2023-Nov-13
15.7 LD
2.7
8
2023 UO
2023-Nov-15
6.4 LD
6.8
36
2021 TN3
2023-Nov-15
17 LD
6.3
31
2019 VL5
2023-Nov-16
8.5 LD
8.2
24
2019 LB1
2023-Nov-18
15.8 LD
4.2
14
2016 DK1
2023-Nov-19
5.3 LD
6.8
12
2022 VR1
2023-Nov-19
8.1 LD
6.1
39
2019 UT6
2023-Nov-24
9 LD
13.2
141
2019 CZ2
2023-Nov-25
2.8 LD
5.8
44
2013 UB3
2023-Nov-27
18.5 LD
5.4
25
1998 WB2
2023-Dec-03
11 LD
14.2
151
2013 VX4
2023-Dec-04
5.1 LD
6.6
60
2023 TB27
2023-Dec-06
17.1 LD
4.3
46
139622
2023-Dec-06
14.4 LD
6.7
719
2020 HX3
2023-Dec-10
9.8 LD
15.7
13
2010 XF3
2023-Dec-11
19.4 LD
4
46
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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