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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 421.3 km/sec
density: 4.0 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2344 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C5
1750 UT Feb14
24-hr: M1
1731 UT Feb14
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 14 Feb 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot AR2941 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 53
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 14 Feb 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 0 days (0%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 14 Feb 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 12.17
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 14 Feb 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 105 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 14 Feb 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +7.0% High
48-hr change: -1.4%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 14 Feb 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.5 nT
Bz: -1.6 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
Coronal Holes: 14 Feb 22

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 14th.
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Feb 14 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
20 %
20 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Feb 14 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
10 %
MINOR
05 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
15 %
15 %
 
Monday, Feb. 14, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure!

 

M-CLASS SOLAR FLARE: Sunspot AR2941 erupted on Feb. 14th (1731 UT), producing an M1-class solar flare. A brief shortwave radio blackout followed the explosion after X-rays ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere. Ham radio operators and aviators in the Americas may have noticed unusual propagation effects at frequencies below 20 MHz. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

A VALENTINE FROM THE MOON: You may have heard of the Lunar X. Once a month when the sun rises over Crater Werner in the Moon's southern hemisphere, sunlight floods the region's high terrain and makes a luminous criss-cross shape. Peter Rosén of Stockholm, Sweden, was looking for the X on Feb. 8th when he found four other letters as well:

"After I finished processing my images, I noticed that I had also caught the lunar letters L, O, V and E," says Rosén.

Like the Lunar X, these additional characters are formed by sunlight grazing the rims of craters on the terminator of the quarter moon. Determined pareidoliac observers might be able to find an entire alphabet in the Moon's cratered terrain. For today, though, four letters is just enough.

"The Moon and I wish you a very happy Valentine's Day," says Rosén.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

A DALEK FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: It's the ultimate gift for a Dr. Who fan: A Dalek from the edge of space. On Jan. 16, 2022, this Funko Pop! original hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $134.95. The Dalek comes with a greeting card showing the evil cyborg in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again. Also included is the original Funko Pop! box, making this a genuine collector's item.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Feb 14, 2022, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(8 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On February 14, 2022 there were 2270 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 CP1
2022-Feb-09
1.8 LD
10.7
12
2022 BW6
2022-Feb-09
6.3 LD
10.6
14
2022 CL3
2022-Feb-10
4.6 LD
9.1
8
2022 CY2
2022-Feb-10
15.3 LD
17.9
28
2022 CX1
2022-Feb-10
5.5 LD
11.9
14
2022 CJ5
2022-Feb-10
0.1 LD
11.6
3
2022 CH1
2022-Feb-10
4.2 LD
17.5
26
2022 CQ
2022-Feb-10
15.9 LD
16
23
2022 CN2
2022-Feb-10
8.2 LD
16.3
13
2022 CZ
2022-Feb-11
6.8 LD
15.5
21
2022 CV5
2022-Feb-11
1.6 LD
3.9
10
2022 CG7
2022-Feb-12
0.1 LD
15.4
7
2022 BN4
2022-Feb-12
18.1 LD
8.1
25
2022 CP5
2022-Feb-13
7.3 LD
9.7
31
2022 BP6
2022-Feb-13
11.5 LD
4.6
13
2022 CF7
2022-Feb-14
0.8 LD
8.6
9
2022 CF3
2022-Feb-14
6.4 LD
3.9
28
2020 DF
2022-Feb-14
12 LD
8.6
20
2022 CF1
2022-Feb-14
12.6 LD
6.8
17
2022 CO6
2022-Feb-15
0.6 LD
9.3
26
2022 BF6
2022-Feb-15
9.4 LD
17.1
36
2022 CH7
2022-Feb-15
2.1 LD
11.6
12
2022 CQ4
2022-Feb-15
3.4 LD
12.7
24
2022 CT6
2022-Feb-15
6.6 LD
8.5
11
2022 CC7
2022-Feb-17
7.9 LD
13.4
15
2018 CW2
2022-Feb-18
2.2 LD
10.8
25
2020 CX1
2022-Feb-18
7.2 LD
8.2
54
2022 BH7
2022-Feb-18
6 LD
22.7
229
2022 CX4
2022-Feb-19
2.8 LD
6
9
2022 CG5
2022-Feb-21
19.8 LD
6.3
39
2022 CC2
2022-Feb-22
11.9 LD
11.6
44
455176
2022-Feb-22
14 LD
25.1
257
2022 BA6
2022-Feb-22
8 LD
2.7
19
2022 BS6
2022-Feb-23
13.5 LD
12
44
2017 CX1
2022-Feb-23
15.2 LD
5
8
2016 QJ44
2022-Feb-24
19.6 LD
8.5
319
2021 QO2
2022-Feb-25
20 LD
11
65
2020 UO4
2022-Feb-28
18.5 LD
2.1
7
138971
2022-Mar-04
12.8 LD
12
742
2021 UL7
2022-Mar-04
11.5 LD
2
25
2020 DC
2022-Mar-06
3.9 LD
4.9
16
2021 EY1
2022-Mar-10
10.1 LD
15.5
16
2015 DR215
2022-Mar-11
17.5 LD
8.3
290
2018 GY
2022-Mar-13
11.9 LD
10.7
43
2022 BX1
2022-Mar-13
20.1 LD
11
161
2016 FZ12
2022-Mar-19
2.2 LD
8.3
16
2020 SQ
2022-Mar-21
2.8 LD
6
12
2013 BO76
2022-Mar-24
13.3 LD
13.8
271
2011 GE3
2022-Mar-26
7.6 LD
7
22
2012 FX35
2022-Mar-26
13.7 LD
5.9
25
2010 GD35
2022-Mar-29
17.7 LD
12.5
43
2020 FW5
2022-Mar-30
8.9 LD
13.1
27
2007 FF1
2022-Apr-01
19.4 LD
12.8
155
2021 GN1
2022-Apr-02
14.4 LD
14.3
19
2016 GW221
2022-Apr-02
9.8 LD
5.9
41
2012 TV
2022-Apr-05
19.2 LD
18.1
32
2020 GH1
2022-Apr-09
16.8 LD
7.2
28
2017 TO2
2022-Apr-10
17.9 LD
11.6
78
363599
2022-Apr-12
19.3 LD
24.5
221
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century.  It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.

We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. 

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:

The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona SEO and Arizona Business Directory and C8 Corvette | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer | Phoenix SEO
Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed
NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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