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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 454.4 km/sec
density: 4.51 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M1
2243 UT Dec10
24-hr: M2
0353 UT Dec10
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 10 Dec 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Sunspots AR3511 and AR3513 have 'beta-gamma' magnetic fields that harbor energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 125
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 10 Dec 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 10 Dec 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 18.48x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 10 Dec 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 128 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Dec 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -3.0% Low
48-hr change: +0.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Dec 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 1.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.42 nT
Bz: 0.20 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 10 Dec 23

Solar wind flowing from this coronal hole could reach Earth on Dec. 14-15.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Aug. 29, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Dec10
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Dec 10 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
55 %
55 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Dec 10 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
05 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
10 %
10 %
 
Sunday, Dec. 10, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

BIRTH OF A NEW METEOR SHOWER: Meteor forecaster Jeremie Vaubaillon and colleagues are urging sky watchers to be alert for a new meteor shower next week. "We predict the birth of a new shower on Dec. 12, 2023, between 8:00 and 12:30 UT," say the researchers in a preprint. "The shower (if it occurs) will be best visible from North and West Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, and Indonesia." (visibility map) The source of the display would be Comet 46P/Wirtanen, which made an extremely close approach to Earth just five years ago.

AN EXTREMELY RARE OCCULTATION OF BETELGEUSE: One of the most famous stars in the night sky is about to disappear. On Dec. 12th (Dec. 11th in the USA), asteroid Leona will pass directly in front of Betelgeuse for an extremely rare occultation visible from south Florida to Italy. Sky watchers in the "path of totality" can look up and see the red giant vanish, dramatically altering the appearance of the constellation Orion.

There are huge population centers in the occultation path, especially in south Florida where Leona's shadow crosses Miami and Fort Lauderdale. For observers there, Betelgeuse will wink out for about 10 seconds on the evening of Dec. 11th just before 8:25 pm Eastern Standard Time. In Europe, the occultation happens on Dec. 12th between 1:10 UT and 1:16 UT. To find out when to look from your location, we recommend downloading this excellent Google Earth file; when viewing the map, click on the little dots for occultation times.

Are you in the occultation zone? Submit your photos here.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

AN ICE VOLCANO JUST ERUPTED:The British Astronomical Association is reporting a strong outburst on Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann. On Dec. 8th, the volcanic comet suddenly brightened 16-fold (3 magnitudes) when a sunlit vent opened, spewing 'cryomagma' into space. Eliot Herman photographed the first stages of the outburst using a remote-controlled telescope in Rio Hurtado Valley, Chile:

"According to Mission 29P, a significant coma (cloud of debris) will likely develop in the next days from the cryovolcano eruption," says Herman.

Comet 29P is one of the strangest objects in the solar system. In fact, it strains the definition of "comet." 29P is a ball of ice 60 km wide (much larger than a typical comet) trapped in a planet-like orbit between Jupiter and Saturn. It appears to be festooned with ice volcanoes which erupt ~20 times a year.

29P rotates once every 57.7 days. As sunlight sweeps across its frozen surface, cryovolcanoes erupt under the high sun. This weekend's eruption comes 2 x 57 days after a similar eruption in August 2023, suggesting that it is a repeat blast from a particularly active volcano.

Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

CHRISTMAS GIFTS FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: Christmas is coming. Are you looking for a far-out gift? Check out the Earth to Sky Store. It's filled with unique items that have flown to the edge of space onboard cosmic ray research balloons.

Carried aloft by giant helium balloons, these unique gifts have flown above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. Even Amazon doesn't carry items this far out.

Don't forget to enter coupon code "BUZZALDRIN" at checkout for a 10% holiday discount.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Dec 10, 2023, the network reported 32 fireballs.
(24 sporadics, 5 December Monocerotids, 3 sigma Hydrids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On December 10, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 XR1
2023-Dec-05
9.7 LD
12.8
23
2023 XJ2
2023-Dec-05
2 LD
6.1
48
2023 WW
2023-Dec-05
7.8 LD
8.5
41
2023 XD1
2023-Dec-05
13 LD
7.6
13
2023 XZ
2023-Dec-05
3.4 LD
8.7
7
2023 XK2
2023-Dec-06
9.4 LD
5.9
16
2023 TB27
2023-Dec-06
17 LD
4.3
44
2023 XK
2023-Dec-06
16.7 LD
8.9
32
2023 XL
2023-Dec-06
16.1 LD
8
25
2023 XC1
2023-Dec-06
6 LD
9
18
2023 XK1
2023-Dec-06
6 LD
7.5
18
2023 XF1
2023-Dec-06
5.1 LD
11.2
17
2023 XJ1
2023-Dec-06
0.3 LD
20
10
139622
2023-Dec-06
14.4 LD
6.7
735
2023 XD
2023-Dec-07
1.9 LD
9.9
14
2023 XT
2023-Dec-07
2.1 LD
8.4
6
2023 XG2
2023-Dec-07
1.5 LD
4.3
5
2023 XY
2023-Dec-07
14.4 LD
8.3
20
2023 XH
2023-Dec-07
4 LD
6.2
16
2023 XQ1
2023-Dec-07
2.6 LD
11.9
12
2023 XE2
2023-Dec-08
13.3 LD
5.9
18
2023 VF12
2023-Dec-08
13 LD
4.1
22
2023 XD3
2023-Dec-08
2.1 LD
5.2
14
2023 WG
2023-Dec-08
17.6 LD
6.6
33
2023 XR
2023-Dec-08
14 LD
15.6
25
2023 XT3
2023-Dec-08
2.1 LD
14.9
10
2023 XC
2023-Dec-08
2.1 LD
5.8
7
2023 XS3
2023-Dec-09
11.9 LD
6.2
22
2023 XB4
2023-Dec-09
0.8 LD
10.1
8
2023 XW2
2023-Dec-09
6.5 LD
9.6
13
2023 XP2
2023-Dec-10
5.8 LD
10.3
19
2023 WH
2023-Dec-10
11.9 LD
8.9
39
2020 HX3
2023-Dec-10
9.8 LD
15.7
13
2023 XH3
2023-Dec-10
4.6 LD
15.1
14
2023 XT4
2023-Dec-10
4.4 LD
8.9
16
2023 XP1
2023-Dec-11
15.2 LD
9.6
40
2023 XH2
2023-Dec-11
5 LD
10
18
2010 XF3
2023-Dec-11
19.4 LD
4
46
2023 XN3
2023-Dec-12
13.7 LD
8.3
15
2023 WO3
2023-Dec-12
9.3 LD
9.3
42
2023 XZ2
2023-Dec-12
3.4 LD
6.7
11
2023 XO1
2023-Dec-12
4.3 LD
7.2
14
2023 XU4
2023-Dec-14
3.9 LD
6.2
12
2023 XB3
2023-Dec-14
13.9 LD
9.9
15
2023 XL4
2023-Dec-15
11.4 LD
6.5
22
2023 XY2
2023-Dec-15
9.6 LD
13.4
34
2023 XK4
2023-Dec-15
3.4 LD
4.2
15
2023 XV2
2023-Dec-15
15.9 LD
6.5
22
2023 XH1
2023-Dec-17
15.2 LD
5.4
19
2023 XF2
2023-Dec-19
9.8 LD
8
22
2016 XD2
2023-Dec-19
18.8 LD
6.9
59
2023 XS
2023-Dec-19
11.5 LD
9.1
31
341843
2023-Dec-20
16.5 LD
5.3
344
2018 YJ2
2023-Dec-21
18.4 LD
13.1
154
2022 YG
2023-Dec-22
10.8 LD
5.1
17
2023 VD6
2023-Dec-23
10.6 LD
15.5
159
2020 YO3
2023-Dec-23
3.6 LD
16.6
42
2010 UE51
2023-Dec-24
9 LD
1.3
7
2020 YR2
2023-Dec-25
13.8 LD
8
8
2023 XJ3
2023-Dec-25
16.5 LD
9.2
55
2020 KT4
2023-Dec-25
13.4 LD
7.3
76
2021 AM6
2023-Dec-31
18.3 LD
6.6
17
2019 KK5
2024-Jan-03
10.6 LD
20.9
98
2002 AY1
2024-Jan-08
15.2 LD
17.3
230
2020 AC1
2024-Jan-11
19.3 LD
5.3
7
2023 WZ3
2024-Jan-11
16.2 LD
4
35
2021 CZ2
2024-Jan-16
8 LD
14.3
113
2021 BL3
2024-Jan-23
17.2 LD
23.4
41
2017 BG92
2024-Jan-25
11.8 LD
6.3
6
2011 CQ1
2024-Jan-26
11.3 LD
4.6
1
2007 EG
2024-Jan-30
16 LD
8.6
43
2008 OS7
2024-Feb-02
7.5 LD
18.2
285
2019 CC5
2024-Feb-04
19.2 LD
15
139
2023 SP1
2024-Feb-07
14.3 LD
11.8
256
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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