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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 590.1 km/sec
density: 9.66 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B7
2200 UT Aug08
24-hr: B8
0330 UT Aug08
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 08 Aug 22
Expand: labels | no labels
All of these sunspots have stable magnetic fields that pose little immediate threat for strong flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 87
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 08 Aug 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 08 Aug 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 13.21
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 08 Aug 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 116 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Aug 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +2.8% Elevated
48-hr change: -0.3%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Aug 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 5
storm
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.97 nT
Bz: 5.83 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 08 Aug 22

Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole should reach Earth on August 9-10.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Noctilucent cloud season is underway. The clouds are currently spreading as far south as +45N (Oregon).
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Aug08
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Aug 08 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
05 %
05 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Aug 08 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
40 %
35 %
MINOR
25 %
20 %
SEVERE
05 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
10 %
MINOR
25 %
30 %
SEVERE
60 %
50 %
 
Monday, Aug. 8, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora your guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

SURPRISE GEOMAGNETIC STORM: A solar wind stream hit Earth's magnetic field on August 7th. At first, the stream's velocity was low, but during the day it sped up to more than 600 km/s, ultimately triggering a G2-class (moderately strong) geomagnetic storm. This event was not in the forecast, so the resulting auroras came as a surprise.

"I was already in bed getting ready for sleep when the storm began," says Ruslan Merzlyakov. "Rushing to the beach in Nykøbing Mors, I was able to photograph the first summer auroras in Denmark in 5 years."

"Seeing the lights dance on a warm summer night was a great experience!" he says.

In North American, auroras spilled across the Canadian border as far south as Pennsylvannia. In Wayne County, PA, Sujay Singh photographed both red auroras and STEVE. Auroras were also sighted in Montana and the Dakotas.

The solar wind stream that sparked this display is a bit of a puzzle. It might be the early arrival of a stream originally expected on Aug. 9th, flowing from an equatorial hole in the sun's atmosphere. Or, perhaps, a CME was involved. A discontinuity in solar wind data at 0045 UT on Aug. 7th hints at a shock wave embedded in the solar wind. These days, the active sun is producing so many minor explosions, it is easy to overlook faint CMEs heading for Earth.

Despite the surprise, subscribers to our Space Weather Alert Service were aware of the storm. Instant text alerts announced the arrival of the solar wind and the subsequent G2 event. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

more images: from Göran Strand of Östersund, Sweden; from Sebastian Sainio of Ostrobothnia, Finland; from Mikko Peussa of Nousiainen, Finland; from Jacob Eubank of Whitefish, Montana; from Henning Untiedt of Tröndel, Baltic Sea, Germany; from Alan Dyer near Gleichen, Alberta

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

A VOLCANO OVERCAST BY ELECTRIC BLUE: Last Wednesday, Iceland's Fagradalsfjall volcano erupted--the second year in a row it has done that. "Yesterday around 2 a.m. I was lucky to see the erupting volcano and noctilucent clouds for the first time ever!" says Madelon Dielen, who sends this picture from the Reykjanes Peninsula:

"What a wonderful combination!" says Dielen.

Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) form when summertime wisps of water vapor rise up to the edge of space and crystallize around meteor smoke. Normally they peak in July, then fade in August. This August is a little different, however. Data from NASA's AIM spacecraft show that seasonal NLC abundances are near a 15-year high--an enhancement that might be linked to increasing space traffic. Whatever the cause, more photos of Fagradalsfjall overcast by electric blue may be in the offing. Stay tuned.

Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

COSMIC RAY YIN-YANG PENDANT: To celebrate the yin-yang relationship between solar activity and galactic cosmic rays, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus just launched a yin-yang pendant to the stratosphere. On July 23rd, it flew 104,265 ft high onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $133.95. The pendant's sterling silver frame surrounds balancing swirls of black onyx and mother of pearl--all suspended from a matching 18-inch sterling silver chain. It makes a great anniversary, birthday or (never too early!) Christmas gift.

The students are selling yin-yang pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Aug 08, 2022, the network reported 51 fireballs.
(27 sporadics, 22 Perseids, 2 Delta Aquariids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On August 8, 2022 there were 2291 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 PA
2022-Aug-03
3.3 LD
24.9
23
2020 PN1
2022-Aug-03
9.7 LD
4.6
29
2022 OE2
2022-Aug-04
13.5 LD
32.2
224
2022 OC3
2022-Aug-04
3.2 LD
3.8
7
2022 OJ3
2022-Aug-04
5 LD
12.5
39
2022 OE6
2022-Aug-05
7.5 LD
11.2
13
2022 OB5
2022-Aug-05
2.7 LD
2.1
6
2022 PX
2022-Aug-06
6.7 LD
10.2
50
2022 PE
2022-Aug-06
2.5 LD
3.9
8
2022 OH2
2022-Aug-07
4.4 LD
4
12
2022 OC4
2022-Aug-09
4 LD
7.5
11
2022 PF
2022-Aug-09
4.5 LD
9.6
14
2022 PA1
2022-Aug-10
2.7 LD
16.3
18
2015 FF
2022-Aug-12
11.2 LD
9.2
17
2022 OT1
2022-Aug-13
12.4 LD
5.8
36
2022 OA4
2022-Aug-14
18.2 LD
7.9
23
2022 PW
2022-Aug-16
1.4 LD
7.5
29
2022 PC
2022-Aug-18
16.5 LD
4.1
61
2019 AV13
2022-Aug-20
13.8 LD
9.2
135
2020 QW3
2022-Aug-22
14.1 LD
18.1
30
2015 QH3
2022-Aug-22
5.6 LD
7
14
2017 BU
2022-Aug-29
15.8 LD
7
32
2021 CQ5
2022-Sep-01
8.7 LD
13.5
7
2020 PT4
2022-Sep-15
19.7 LD
10.8
39
2016 HF2
2022-Sep-29
19.2 LD
5.6
21
2018 ER1
2022-Oct-02
14.7 LD
4
27
2018 VG
2022-Oct-05
18.5 LD
6.7
12
2021 TJ10
2022-Oct-06
19.6 LD
8.1
6
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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