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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 507.4 km/sec
density: 10.49 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C1
1828 UT Dec04
24-hr: C2
1240 UT Dec04
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 04 Dec 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Big sunspot AR3153 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class solar flares. New sunspot AR3157 is also very active and may pose a threat for strong flares as well. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 68
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 04 Dec 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 04 Dec 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 15.79
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 03 Dec 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 124 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 04 Dec 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +1.5% Elevated
48-hr change: -0.4%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 04 Dec 2022 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4.00 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 4.33
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.97 nT
Bz: 3.66 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 04 Dec 22

Solar wind flowing from this canyon-shaped coronal hole should reach Earth on Dec. 8th.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Dec04
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Dec 04 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
20 %
20 %
CLASS X
05 %
05 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Dec 04 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
10 %
MINOR
05 %
01 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
25 %
20 %
 
Sunday, Dec. 4, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

ORION IS ABOUT TO BUZZ THE MOON: NASA's Orion spacecraft is about to fly by the Moon only 79 km above the lunar surface. The slingshot maneuver on Monday, Dec. 5th, will propel the spacecraft toward a hot return to Earth on Dec. 11th. Live coverage begins Monday at 9 am EST on NASA TV.

SOLAR ACTIVITY ON THE EASTERN LIMB: New sunspot AR3157 doesn't look like much, but it is very active, almost constantly hurling plumes of plasma into space. This interest-compressed movie from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows 12 hours of action on Dec. 3rd:

Magnetically, sunspot AR3157 is connected to nearby sunspot AR3156. If one goes off, it could trigger an explosion in the other, boosting the odds of a significant flare. Stay tuned. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

TAIKONAUTS RETURN TO EARTH: Three Chinese astronauts ("taikonauts") returned to Earth on Sunday, Dec 4th, following a six-month mission on China's newly-completed Tiangong space station. Amateur astronomer Gao Xing photographed the fiery reentry of their capsule from Nanshan Mountain in Xinjiang, China:

"I made a video which captured both the Chinese Space Station and the Shenzhou-14 return capsule," says Xing. "The capsule carrying astronauts Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xu Zhe had already separated from the Service Module. The said Service Module can be seen trailing behind and already broken into thousands of pieces stretched over a distance of several hundred of kilometers."

Not long after Xing took this picture, the capsule landed in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Staff from the Chinese space agency declared the entire mission, which began on June 5th, a "complete success", according to Chinese state broadcaster CCTV.

The mission was indeed significant. The three astronauts oversaw the final assembly of Tiangong, and they handed control of the space station to a new crew of 3 who arrived Nov. 29th onboard Shenzhou-15. This event therefore marks the beginning of China's permanent habitation of Earth orbit.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

GIFTS FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: Christmas is coming. Are you looking for a far-out gift? Check out the Earth to Sky Store. It's filled with unique items that have flown to the edge of space onboard cosmic ray research balloons.

These unique gifts have floated above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. Even Amazon doesn't carry items this far out. Don't forget to enter coupon code "SPACESANTA" at checkout for a 10% holiday discount.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Dec 04, 2022, the network reported 22 fireballs.
(14 sporadics, 6 sigma Hydrids, 1 Geminid, 1 Nov. omega Orionid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On December 4, 2022 there were 2316 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 WE11
2022-Nov-29
0.8 LD
9.9
4
2022 WW11
2022-Nov-29
1.4 LD
13.4
15
2022 WS5
2022-Nov-29
4.9 LD
11.7
25
2022 VB2
2022-Nov-29
9 LD
8.4
33
2022 WP8
2022-Nov-30
14.5 LD
8.5
52
2022 WE5
2022-Nov-30
4.1 LD
8.5
11
2022 XC
2022-Nov-30
1.8 LD
11.9
19
2022 WO7
2022-Nov-30
12.8 LD
10.4
44
2022 WK1
2022-Dec-01
14.2 LD
12.2
39
2022 WT9
2022-Dec-01
14 LD
10.2
31
2022 WS9
2022-Dec-01
4.6 LD
18.1
34
2022 WX10
2022-Dec-02
7.3 LD
5.3
9
2022 XF
2022-Dec-02
9.7 LD
8.5
20
2022 WT6
2022-Dec-02
4.7 LD
20.2
22
2022 WN10
2022-Dec-02
3.6 LD
22.1
15
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
419
2022 WQ10
2022-Dec-02
3.9 LD
14.2
12
2022 XA
2022-Dec-02
1.4 LD
10.1
12
2022 XB
2022-Dec-02
1 LD
9.1
7
2022 UT8
2022-Dec-02
11.1 LD
4.2
71
2022 WG9
2022-Dec-03
12.5 LD
10.7
33
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
193
2022 WD2
2022-Dec-03
7.3 LD
7.4
25
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-03
11.3 LD
3.9
10
2022 WR9
2022-Dec-03
7.2 LD
13
13
2022 WO5
2022-Dec-04
19.2 LD
9.1
38
2022 WQ5
2022-Dec-04
5.8 LD
11.6
27
2022 XD
2022-Dec-04
3.5 LD
6.9
13
2022 WB5
2022-Dec-05
5.8 LD
11
27
2022 VP1
2022-Dec-05
17.3 LD
7.1
56
2022 WA6
2022-Dec-06
4.4 LD
13.9
22
2022 WV8
2022-Dec-06
15.6 LD
7.2
29
2022 WF8
2022-Dec-06
8.8 LD
7.6
13
2022 WK9
2022-Dec-07
6.1 LD
14.3
33
2022 WO10
2022-Dec-08
4.9 LD
4.8
9
2022 WP11
2022-Dec-09
11.9 LD
17.3
74
2022 WW
2022-Dec-10
19.2 LD
6.2
30
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
2003 YS70
2022-Dec-13
10.4 LD
4.1
5
2019 XQ1
2022-Dec-13
14.5 LD
9.8
30
2018 XU3
2022-Dec-13
14.8 LD
10.3
28
2021 XS4
2022-Dec-14
14.5 LD
9.7
23
2015 RN35
2022-Dec-15
1.8 LD
5.9
85
2022 WU11
2022-Dec-17
11.6 LD
10.5
31
2016 YE
2022-Dec-18
18.6 LD
4.8
23
2014 HK129
2022-Dec-20
6.7 LD
11.6
216
2017 XQ60
2022-Dec-21
18.8 LD
16
45
2022 UD9
2022-Dec-22
4.6 LD
10.3
159
2022 RD2
2022-Dec-22
13.9 LD
1.1
7
2013 YA14
2022-Dec-25
2.7 LD
10.5
68
2022 TE14
2022-Dec-25
11.2 LD
7
127
2018 YK2
2022-Dec-26
15.8 LD
15.1
98
2022 WV9
2022-Dec-27
6.6 LD
7.3
45
2010 XC15
2022-Dec-27
2 LD
10.1
182
2021 AE
2022-Dec-28
16.5 LD
15
23
2021 NF
2023-Jan-02
17.9 LD
11.3
40
2011 WR41
2023-Jan-03
15.8 LD
8.9
34
2019 AY3
2023-Jan-04
16.8 LD
19.7
62
2021 TL
2023-Jan-09
14.2 LD
8.5
75
2014 LJ
2023-Jan-14
4.8 LD
3.5
7
2012 BV13
2023-Jan-16
12.2 LD
6.7
134
2020 BP
2023-Jan-20
5.2 LD
16.9
26
2019 BO2
2023-Jan-24
12.1 LD
16.2
21
2019 BZ4
2023-Jan-24
16.5 LD
5.6
20
2020 BZ14
2023-Jan-26
8.8 LD
6.7
54
2022 SO113
2023-Jan-29
10.5 LD
3.5
73
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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