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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 514.4 km/sec
density: 8.83 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1144 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C1
2227 UT Nov04
24-hr: C5
0744 UT Nov04
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 04 Nov 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Two new sunspots are emerging at the circled locations. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 65
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 04 Nov 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 04 Nov 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 16.45
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 04 Nov 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 125 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 04 Nov 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +4.2% Elevated
48-hr change: +0.5%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 04 Nov 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.91 nT
Bz: -0.83 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1144 UT
Coronal Holes: 04 Nov 22

Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Nov04
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Nov 04 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
10 %
10 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Nov 04 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
40 %
35 %
MINOR
25 %
20 %
SEVERE
05 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
10 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
60 %
50 %
 
Friday, Nov. 4, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

CHANCE OF STORMS TODAY: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G1-class geomagnetic storms on Nov. 4th and 5th as Earth continues to pass through a stream of fast-moving solar wind. The gaseous material is flowing from an equatorial hole in the sun's atmosphere. Yesterday, the same stream sparked spectacular pink auroras inside the Arctic Circle. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

MYSTERIOUS BLUE "AURORAS" OVER SWEDEN: Yesterday in Sweden, sky watchers were puzzled when a strange ribbon of blue light appeared during a geomagnetic storm. "It didn't look like any auroras I have ever seen before," says Chad Blakley, the director of Lights over Lapland. One of his tour guides, Miquel Such, video-recorded the phenomenon:

A G1-class geomagnetic storm was underway on Nov. 3rd when the blue ribbon appeared. Webcams saw it first at 1615 UT (5:15 p.m. local Abisko time). It rapidly brightened to naked-eye visibility, then sank below the horizon 30 minutes later. The whole time, regular green auroras danced around and seemingly in front of it: movie.

But what was it?

Space physicist Toshi Nishimura of Boston University took a look at the video. "It looks really odd if it's aurora," he says. "One auroral arc shouldn't cut across another auroral arc without disturbing it, so it's hard to explain this from an auroral physics point of view."


The blue ribbon over Lake Tornetrask. Photo credit: Claudio Comi

Another possibility is rocketry. Since late October Russia has been conducting ICBM firing exercises in the Barents Sea with the nuclear-powered missile cruiser "Peter the Great" in the area for combat training. Rocket exhaust has been known to create displays like this in the past.

However, no one saw a rocket. Multiple witnesses in Abisko agree that nothing streaked across the sky before the blue band appeared.

For now, the blue ribbon remains a mystery. Any photographers who caught it are encouraged to submit their images. Photos from different locations may help determine the height of the emission. And, of course, if anyone saw a rocket, let us know!

more images: from Hendrik Zwart of Sjøvegan, Salangen Kommune, Norway

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

"I LOVE YOU FOREVER" MOONSTONE PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the "I Love You Forever" Moonstone. This one hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research ballooin on Oct. 15, 2022:

You can have it for $162.95. The moonstone's sterling silver infinity wrap is inscribed with the words "I love you forever." It makes a great anniversary, Christmas or birthday gift. The moonstone comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight, telling the story of its trip to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Nov 04, 2022, the network reported 41 fireballs.
(25 sporadics, 15 northern Taurids, 1 omicron Eridanid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On November 4, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 UW6
2022-Oct-30
11.3 LD
4.1
27
2022 US20
2022-Oct-30
5 LD
7.8
24
2022 UU8
2022-Oct-30
1.5 LD
4.5
9
2022 UR11
2022-Oct-30
4.7 LD
12.8
10
2022 UU10
2022-Oct-30
6 LD
4.3
11
2022 UW15
2022-Oct-30
0.3 LD
7.9
3
2022 UT10
2022-Oct-30
4.9 LD
4.5
16
2022 UX27
2022-Oct-30
1.1 LD
15.3
11
2022 UU9
2022-Oct-30
6.1 LD
12
12
2022 UG16
2022-Oct-30
4.2 LD
10.1
31
2022 UD13
2022-Oct-30
2 LD
12.8
19
2022 UD11
2022-Oct-30
10.5 LD
15.9
37
2022 UA21
2022-Oct-31
1.2 LD
4.4
5
2022 UP13
2022-Oct-31
17.5 LD
8.1
33
2017 VD15
2022-Oct-31
14.1 LD
5.3
25
2022 UW10
2022-Oct-31
4.4 LD
6.7
21
2022 VJ
2022-Oct-31
14.9 LD
8.1
33
2022 UO11
2022-Oct-31
11 LD
8.7
18
2022 UF11
2022-Oct-31
2.6 LD
7.9
8
2022 UN28
2022-Oct-31
4.6 LD
13.2
14
2022 UB14
2022-Oct-31
3.5 LD
10.6
12
2022 VG
2022-Oct-31
2 LD
9.4
10
2022 UK24
2022-Oct-31
1 LD
16
8
2022 VF
2022-Oct-31
1.2 LD
6.5
10
2022 UX20
2022-Oct-31
4.8 LD
12.3
11
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
2022 UT14
2022-Nov-01
3 LD
17.8
15
2022 RM4
2022-Nov-01
6 LD
23.5
443
2022 UA28
2022-Nov-01
7.3 LD
9.4
11
2022 UR16
2022-Nov-01
13.6 LD
9.2
29
2022 UY24
2022-Nov-01
15.1 LD
7
33
2022 UD21
2022-Nov-02
10.8 LD
11.6
27
2022 UU21
2022-Nov-02
4.1 LD
9.9
8
2022 UZ5
2022-Nov-02
4.5 LD
9.4
47
2022 UP17
2022-Nov-03
1.6 LD
19.3
12
2022 VD
2022-Nov-03
1.8 LD
8.4
6
2022 UZ8
2022-Nov-03
12.8 LD
10.4
22
2022 UN5
2022-Nov-04
14.7 LD
8.2
32
2022 UB9
2022-Nov-04
16.4 LD
6.5
18
2022 UQ20
2022-Nov-04
3.1 LD
8.3
12
2022 VC
2022-Nov-04
7.2 LD
9.9
17
2022 UL6
2022-Nov-04
17.6 LD
4.4
39
2022 UB16
2022-Nov-05
7.5 LD
19.7
44
2022 UK10
2022-Nov-05
15.4 LD
11.8
27
2022 UM21
2022-Nov-05
10.2 LD
14.3
17
2022 UM16
2022-Nov-05
11.8 LD
15.8
69
2022 UY14
2022-Nov-06
8.9 LD
19.8
33
2022 UC34
2022-Nov-06
1.7 LD
10.9
7
2022 UO6
2022-Nov-06
11.5 LD
11.5
38
2022 VA
2022-Nov-06
8.2 LD
12.4
25
2022 UC22
2022-Nov-07
18.3 LD
17.4
205
2022 UN21
2022-Nov-07
8 LD
11.1
18
2022 US6
2022-Nov-07
9.7 LD
7.2
19
2022 UR21
2022-Nov-07
8.6 LD
9.8
18
2022 UK5
2022-Nov-08
14.3 LD
5.2
43
2020 WD
2022-Nov-08
3 LD
6
8
2022 UC5
2022-Nov-08
6.1 LD
12.9
38
2022 UV20
2022-Nov-09
7.7 LD
8.4
21
2019 XS
2022-Nov-10
16.7 LD
11.9
60
2022 VP
2022-Nov-11
8.1 LD
5.1
19
2022 UV14
2022-Nov-11
10.8 LD
7.7
20
2020 FC4
2022-Nov-12
19.3 LD
13.3
78
2022 VE
2022-Nov-13
11.3 LD
9.6
34
2022 UH16
2022-Nov-14
14.9 LD
9.8
23
2022 UP2
2022-Nov-14
10.6 LD
6
34
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2022 UD28
2022-Nov-16
10.9 LD
11.5
32
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
2022 US14
2022-Nov-18
8.5 LD
8.2
40
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
246
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
168
2022 VQ
2022-Nov-27
7.7 LD
8.2
24
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-02
11.9 LD
3.9
10
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
427
2022 UT8
2022-Dec-02
11.2 LD
4.2
64
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
195
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
2003 YS70
2022-Dec-13
10.4 LD
4.1
5
2019 XQ1
2022-Dec-13
14.5 LD
9.8
30
2018 XU3
2022-Dec-13
14.8 LD
10.3
30
2021 XS4
2022-Dec-14
14.5 LD
9.7
23
2015 RN35
2022-Dec-15
1.8 LD
5.9
84
2016 YE
2022-Dec-18
18.6 LD
4.8
23
2014 HK129
2022-Dec-20
6.7 LD
11.6
214
2017 XQ60
2022-Dec-21
18.8 LD
16
45
2022 UD9
2022-Dec-22
4.6 LD
10.3
153
2022 RD2
2022-Dec-22
13.9 LD
1.1
7
2013 YA14
2022-Dec-25
2.7 LD
10.5
68
2022 TE14
2022-Dec-25
11.2 LD
7
128
2018 YK2
2022-Dec-26
15.8 LD
15.1
98
2010 XC15
2022-Dec-27
2 LD
10.1
184
2021 AE
2022-Dec-28
16.5 LD
15
23
2021 NF
2023-Jan-02
17.9 LD
11.3
40
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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