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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 411.1 km/sec
density: 3.14 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1148 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C5
1916 UT Nov02
24-hr: M1
0831 UT Nov02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 02 Nov 24
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Four sunspots (3869, 3875, 3876 and 3878) have 'beta-gamma' magnetic fields that harbor energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 210
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 02 Nov 2024

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2024 total: 0 days (0%)
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 02 Nov 2024


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 31.95x1010 W Hot
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 01 Nov 2024

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 256 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Nov 2024

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -14.5% Low
48-hr change: -0.8%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Nov 2024 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3.00 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4.00
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 11.13 nT
Bz: 6.39 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
Coronal Holes: 02 Nov 24

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:

On Nov. 01, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is cooling but still too warm for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data.

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs is underway--but not for long. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle on May 25, 2024, by the NOAA 21 satellite. After peaking in July, the clouds are now in rapid decline. This is typical for the month of August, which usually brings the end of NLC season in the northern hemisphere.

noctilucent clouds
Updated: Aug. 28, 2024

An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2024 Nov 02 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
75 %
75 %
CLASS X
35 %
35 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2024 Nov 02 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
30 %
MINOR
15 %
15 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
30 %
30 %
SEVERE
50 %
45 %
 
Saturday, Nov. 2, 2024
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

SOUTH POLE RADIO BLACKOUT: For the 7th day in a row, energetic protons from the sun are raining down on Earth. It's an almost S1-class radiation storm, resulting from the collective action of three X-class solar flares since Oct. 24th. These protons are causing a shortwave radio blackout inside the Antarctic Circle:

The red zones show where shortwave radio transmissions are strongly damped by atmospheric ionization. Why south? Because it's spring in the southern hemisphere, The South Pole is tipped toward the sun and intercepting more solar protons. Almost all of Antarctica is therefore under blackout conditions.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

DON'T FORGET COMET TSUCHINSHAN-ATLAS: Take a look at this light curve. Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C/2023 A3) has faded below magnitude +6; it's now invisible to the naked-eye. Nevertheless, "the comet is still spectacular," reports Chris Schur, who sends this picture from Happy Jack, Arizona:

"The comet is gorgeous in binoculars," says Schur. "This image is a one hour exposure through my 8-inch telescope. Note the cyan rim on the front of the coma and the rays in the tail near the head."

Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS is currently in the constellation Ophiuchus, where it just passed Barnard's star. Point your optics here. You might be pleasantly surprised.

Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

THE GEOMAGNETIC MOONCAT: This cat has experienced a geomagnetic storm. Multiple CMEs hit Earth's magnetic field during the weekend of August 10-11. Students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray balloon into the resulting severe geomagnetic storm. The Geomagnetic Mooncat went along for the ride:

You can have it for $199.95. Supported by a sterling silver frame, the black cat is curled around a genuine blue moonstone. It floated through the stratosphere for almost 3 hours during the storm, gathering radiation data for the students' monitoring program. The Mooncat comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and explaining the radiation experiment.

The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space jewelry to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Don't wait for Christmas--get yours now!

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On 0ct 31, 2024, the network reported 28 fireballs.
(21 sporadics, 4 northern Taurids, 2 Orionids, 1 southern Taurid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On November 2, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2024 UF4
2024-Oct-28
4.9 LD
13.5
11
2024 SE26
2024-Oct-28
9.8 LD
12.6
106
2024 UV7
2024-Oct-28
0.6 LD
11.3
5
2024 UG6
2024-Oct-28
7.2 LD
8.4
18
2024 UQ1
2024-Oct-28
0.6 LD
6.6
10
2020 WG
2024-Oct-28
8.7 LD
9.4
160
2024 UX
2024-Oct-28
7.3 LD
4.7
10
2024 UT2
2024-Oct-28
6.3 LD
8.9
15
2024 UO4
2024-Oct-28
0.2 LD
8.4
3
2024 UO2
2024-Oct-28
8.9 LD
5
11
2024 UF6
2024-Oct-28
3.9 LD
5
14
2024 UW7
2024-Oct-28
0.3 LD
15.8
3
2024 UO5
2024-Oct-28
1.4 LD
10.2
5
2024 UC11
2024-Oct-28
15.9 LD
8
14
2024 UT4
2024-Oct-28
8.5 LD
8.3
11
2024 UP6
2024-Oct-29
15.8 LD
8.7
14
2024 UL8
2024-Oct-29
13.4 LD
14.4
17
2024 SU13
2024-Oct-29
10.9 LD
6
32
2024 VB
2024-Oct-29
2.9 LD
4.7
6
2024 UX10
2024-Oct-29
10.2 LD
15.3
18
2024 UF9
2024-Oct-29
1.5 LD
18
21
2024 UE6
2024-Oct-30
6.7 LD
15
14
2024 UB11
2024-Oct-30
0.2 LD
14.8
4
2024 UG9
2024-Oct-30
0 LD
20.3
1
2024 UQ2
2024-Oct-30
4.4 LD
14.9
20
2024 UE3
2024-Oct-30
3.1 LD
13.8
16
2024 UL9
2024-Oct-30
11.4 LD
7.3
16
2021 CV1
2024-Oct-30
14.4 LD
23.6
38
2024 UK6
2024-Oct-30
19.7 LD
10.5
29
2024 UU1
2024-Oct-31
1.3 LD
18
23
2023 KX3
2024-Oct-31
18.8 LD
2.4
25
2022 UD21
2024-Oct-31
11.8 LD
11.8
27
2024 UW6
2024-Oct-31
14.3 LD
8.1
15
2024 UP4
2024-Oct-31
3.2 LD
10.9
12
2024 UU7
2024-Nov-01
4.7 LD
10.1
14
2024 UT5
2024-Nov-01
3.3 LD
14.4
8
2024 VF
2024-Nov-01
10.4 LD
4.5
13
2024 UD11
2024-Nov-01
0.6 LD
14.4
5
2024 UL6
2024-Nov-01
14.1 LD
5.3
23
2016 VA
2024-Nov-01
1.5 LD
21.2
11
2024 UP5
2024-Nov-02
11.5 LD
6.6
28
2024 VA
2024-Nov-03
1.2 LD
12.8
10
2024 UV6
2024-Nov-03
17.4 LD
7.4
14
2024 TX13
2024-Nov-03
1.9 LD
7.6
42
2020 VX1
2024-Nov-03
19.4 LD
7.8
93
2024 UU11
2024-Nov-03
1.1 LD
18
8
2024 UE11
2024-Nov-03
2.3 LD
8.3
7
2023 VS
2024-Nov-04
15.2 LD
4.3
4
2024 UF2
2024-Nov-04
19.5 LD
12.8
47
2024 UX6
2024-Nov-05
17.2 LD
14.7
38
2024 UT7
2024-Nov-05
2.7 LD
8.3
63
2024 TD22
2024-Nov-05
8 LD
11.9
51
2024 UO11
2024-Nov-05
11.9 LD
6.5
11
2024 UH5
2024-Nov-05
1.6 LD
6.9
16
2024 UD6
2024-Nov-06
8.2 LD
5.7
12
2024 UW
2024-Nov-06
1.7 LD
4.7
9
2024 UT11
2024-Nov-06
4.7 LD
12.1
23
2022 JM
2024-Nov-06
19.7 LD
6.2
6
2024 VC
2024-Nov-07
1.8 LD
4.9
13
2024 UK13
2024-Nov-08
10.4 LD
10
17
2024 UK9
2024-Nov-08
4.3 LD
4.4
14
2024 UU9
2024-Nov-09
14.5 LD
8.8
16
2024 VE
2024-Nov-09
5.5 LD
10.4
25
2024 UU4
2024-Nov-09
19.4 LD
5.7
16
2024 UZ
2024-Nov-10
16.4 LD
4.9
19
2024 UC3
2024-Nov-10
11 LD
6.6
28
2024 UK8
2024-Nov-11
19.7 LD
18.7
21
2019 WB7
2024-Nov-11
17.3 LD
5.7
43
2024 UE4
2024-Nov-11
3.4 LD
12.5
28
2020 UL3
2024-Nov-12
4.1 LD
10.5
80
2020 AB2
2024-Nov-13
18.9 LD
7.2
14
2024 UA10
2024-Nov-14
19.1 LD
15.4
31
2019 VU5
2024-Nov-14
12 LD
23.3
46
2019 VL5
2024-Nov-14
9.6 LD
8.5
24
2024 UE13
2024-Nov-15
19.7 LD
7.8
25
2024 UC5
2024-Nov-17
10.8 LD
4.2
20
2023 WK3
2024-Nov-18
16.1 LD
14.5
272
2024 UZ10
2024-Nov-18
11.6 LD
13.2
46
2012 KO11
2024-Nov-20
6.2 LD
9.4
43
2024 UW9
2024-Nov-20
13.7 LD
15
43
2020 VX4
2024-Nov-20
10.5 LD
10.5
11
2009 WB105
2024-Nov-25
15.1 LD
18.9
71
2006 WB
2024-Nov-26
2.3 LD
4.2
98
2018 DC4
2024-Nov-29
18.8 LD
4.5
12
2019 JN2
2024-Nov-30
9.4 LD
7.7
25
2021 XZ
2024-Dec-02
13.2 LD
7.4
8
447755
2024-Dec-03
14.4 LD
12.2
402
2020 XR
2024-Dec-04
5.8 LD
12.3
388
2021 WA5
2024-Dec-05
9.8 LD
5.9
12
2024 UU3
2024-Dec-08
16.9 LD
4.8
36
2018 XU3
2024-Dec-11
16.8 LD
10.8
28
2007 XB23
2024-Dec-11
1.2 LD
4.8
14
2022 YO1
2024-Dec-17
2 LD
14.3
4
2020 XY4
2024-Dec-19
12.8 LD
8.8
14
2017 YD2
2024-Dec-27
18 LD
9.9
6
2024 AV2
2024-Dec-31
6.7 LD
7.8
17
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics.
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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T CrB NOVA WATCH
today: m=10.0 (Nov 3)
yesterday: m=10.2

more: AAVSO data

Explanation: When the nova explodes, the visual magnitude of the star (m) will jump from +10 (invisible to the naked eye) to +2 (about as bright as the North Star).



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