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THIS IS NO LAUGHING MATTER (UPDATED): There is a smiley face on the sun today. Take a look. Formed by holes in the sun's atmosphere, the cheerful mein is spewing a triple stream of solar wind toward Earth. First contact, with auroras, could occur on Oct. 29th. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
THE TAURID SWARM IS COMING: Have you ever heard of the "Halloween Fireballs?" Astronomers call them Taurid meteors. They appear every year from late October through early November when Earth passes through a stream of debris associated with Comet 2P/Encke. Last night, Dan Bush photographed this one exploding over Albany, Missouri:
"Fireball season has arrived," says Bush. "I have caught many with my meteor camera system including this morning's Taurid Fireball above the clouds."
We're about to see a lot more of these. Forecasters believe that a swarm of Taurid meteoroids is approaching Earth, and it could double the usual rate of Halloween Fireballs.
Taurid meteors are debris from a giant comet that broke apart in the inner Solar System 10 to 20 thousand years ago. The breakup produced a mixture of dust and larger bodies that are still present today. Comet 2P/Encke itself may be just one of the fragments.
An infrared image of Comet 2P/Encke riding a trail of dusty debris from the breakup of its progenitor comet. [more]
Over the years, Jupiter's gravity has shepherded some of these meteoroids into a well-defined cloud known as the "Taurid Swarm." It visits Earth every 3 or 7 years. Previous encounters with the Swarm in 2005 and 2015 produced showers of fireballs observed around the world. In 1975 the Swarm contacted the Moon, making Apollo seismic sensors ring with evidence of objects hitting the lunar surface.
The last outburst was 7 years ago, which means 2022 could be a Swarm year. The shower peaks on Nov. 5th, but it is not a sharp maximum. The window of activity can be 2 or 3 weeks long. Watch for Taurid fireballs during the hours around local midnight. You can expect to see a few fireballs per hour streaking from the horns of Taurus--and many more if the Swarm arrives.
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AMBER BUMBLEBEE SPACE PENDANT: Bumblebees don't usually fly so high. On Oct 15, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched this one to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. Here it is floating 115,158 feet above California's Sierra Nevada:
You can have it for $159.95. This bee is made of genuine Baltic Amber with a sterling silver exoskeleton. The rich Cognac-colored pendant measures 3/4 inch and comes with a matching 18-inch sterling silver chain.
The students are selling these unique pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the bumblebee in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Oct 27, 2022, the network reported 20 fireballs.
(14 sporadics, 4 southern Taurids, 2 Orionids)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On October 27, 2022 there were 2311 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
2022 UQ7 | 2022-Oct-22 | 2.1 LD | 23 | 19 |
2022 UT | 2022-Oct-22 | 5.5 LD | 12.2 | 19 |
2022 RB5 | 2022-Oct-22 | 13.1 LD | 5.3 | 115 |
2022 UR10 | 2022-Oct-22 | 3.9 LD | 8.8 | 8 |
2022 UY5 | 2022-Oct-22 | 0.6 LD | 7.9 | 13 |
2022 UM11 | 2022-Oct-23 | 7.8 LD | 10.2 | 42 |
2022 UH9 | 2022-Oct-23 | 10.3 LD | 17.4 | 65 |
2022 UC2 | 2022-Oct-24 | 13.9 LD | 8.1 | 17 |
2022 UK9 | 2022-Oct-24 | 8.6 LD | 7 | 13 |
2022 UV10 | 2022-Oct-24 | 0.9 LD | 9.1 | 9 |
2022 UC7 | 2022-Oct-24 | 0.9 LD | 10 | 10 |
2022 UP11 | 2022-Oct-24 | 8.5 LD | 19.2 | 19 |
2022 UX10 | 2022-Oct-24 | 11 LD | 13.3 | 25 |
2022 UQ8 | 2022-Oct-24 | 11.4 LD | 1.2 | 8 |
2022 UV7 | 2022-Oct-24 | 0.6 LD | 12.6 | 5 |
2022 UD7 | 2022-Oct-24 | 3.3 LD | 14.4 | 24 |
2022 UH2 | 2022-Oct-24 | 5.7 LD | 11.9 | 11 |
2022 UC8 | 2022-Oct-24 | 1.3 LD | 9.7 | 9 |
2005 AZ28 | 2022-Oct-24 | 11.5 LD | 5.4 | 48 |
2022 UY1 | 2022-Oct-25 | 17.9 LD | 9.3 | 30 |
2022 UC3 | 2022-Oct-25 | 10 LD | 8.4 | 11 |
2022 US10 | 2022-Oct-25 | 3.4 LD | 13.9 | 19 |
2022 UU2 | 2022-Oct-25 | 2.7 LD | 12.7 | 12 |
2016 TH94 | 2022-Oct-25 | 19.1 LD | 13.5 | 43 |
2022 TY | 2022-Oct-25 | 15.1 LD | 5.1 | 21 |
2022 UF9 | 2022-Oct-26 | 2.8 LD | 6.5 | 9 |
2022 UL11 | 2022-Oct-26 | 1.2 LD | 8.9 | 5 |
2022 UV2 | 2022-Oct-26 | 1.5 LD | 5.8 | 8 |
2022 UU1 | 2022-Oct-26 | 10.8 LD | 7.2 | 21 |
2022 UV5 | 2022-Oct-26 | 11.2 LD | 7.1 | 26 |
2022 UV9 | 2022-Oct-26 | 2.6 LD | 16.4 | 10 |
2022 UF4 | 2022-Oct-27 | 11.7 LD | 13.2 | 45 |
2022 UB8 | 2022-Oct-27 | 2.2 LD | 19 | 12 |
2019 AN5 | 2022-Oct-27 | 20 LD | 6.8 | 215 |
2022 UA10 | 2022-Oct-27 | 12 LD | 8.1 | 62 |
2022 UT5 | 2022-Oct-28 | 7 LD | 9.4 | 20 |
2022 UM3 | 2022-Oct-28 | 8.7 LD | 7.5 | 12 |
2022 UD3 | 2022-Oct-28 | 8.4 LD | 6.5 | 21 |
2004 UT1 | 2022-Oct-29 | 3.9 LD | 6.4 | 17 |
2022 UW6 | 2022-Oct-30 | 11.4 LD | 4.1 | 29 |
2022 UU8 | 2022-Oct-30 | 1.5 LD | 4.5 | 10 |
2022 UR11 | 2022-Oct-30 | 4.7 LD | 12.8 | 10 |
2022 UU10 | 2022-Oct-30 | 6 LD | 4.3 | 10 |
2022 UT10 | 2022-Oct-30 | 4.9 LD | 4.5 | 16 |
2022 UU9 | 2022-Oct-30 | 6.1 LD | 12 | 11 |
2022 UD11 | 2022-Oct-30 | 10.5 LD | 15.8 | 43 |
2017 VD15 | 2022-Oct-31 | 14.1 LD | 5.3 | 25 |
2022 UW10 | 2022-Oct-31 | 4.4 LD | 6.7 | 22 |
2022 UO11 | 2022-Oct-31 | 11 LD | 8.7 | 18 |
2022 UF11 | 2022-Oct-31 | 2.6 LD | 7.9 | 8 |
2021 VH | 2022-Nov-01 | 5.9 LD | 5.3 | 4 |
2022 RM4 | 2022-Nov-01 | 6 LD | 23.5 | 443 |
2022 UZ5 | 2022-Nov-02 | 4.5 LD | 9.4 | 46 |
2022 UZ8 | 2022-Nov-03 | 12.8 LD | 10.4 | 22 |
2022 UN5 | 2022-Nov-04 | 14.7 LD | 8.2 | 32 |
2022 UB9 | 2022-Nov-04 | 16.4 LD | 6.5 | 18 |
2022 UL6 | 2022-Nov-04 | 17.6 LD | 4.4 | 39 |
2022 UK10 | 2022-Nov-05 | 15.4 LD | 11.8 | 27 |
2022 UO6 | 2022-Nov-06 | 11.5 LD | 11.5 | 37 |
2022 US6 | 2022-Nov-07 | 9.8 LD | 7.2 | 19 |
2022 UK5 | 2022-Nov-08 | 14.3 LD | 5.2 | 44 |
2020 WD | 2022-Nov-08 | 3 LD | 6 | 8 |
2022 UC5 | 2022-Nov-08 | 6 LD | 12.9 | 38 |
2019 XS | 2022-Nov-10 | 16.7 LD | 11.9 | 60 |
2020 FC4 | 2022-Nov-12 | 19.3 LD | 13.3 | 78 |
2022 UP2 | 2022-Nov-14 | 10.6 LD | 6 | 33 |
2019 VL5 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 |
2018 WH | 2022-Nov-16 | 2.5 LD | 7.7 | 4 |
2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
2022 UT8 | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.5 LD | 4.3 | 65 |
2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
2003 YS70 | 2022-Dec-13 | 10.4 LD | 4.1 | 5 |
2019 XQ1 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.5 LD | 9.8 | 30 |
2018 XU3 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.8 LD | 10.3 | 30 |
2021 XS4 | 2022-Dec-14 | 14.5 LD | 9.7 | 23 |
2015 RN35 | 2022-Dec-15 | 1.8 LD | 5.9 | 84 |
2016 YE | 2022-Dec-18 | 18.6 LD | 4.8 | 23 |
2014 HK129 | 2022-Dec-20 | 6.7 LD | 11.6 | 214 |
2017 XQ60 | 2022-Dec-21 | 18.8 LD | 16 | 45 |
2022 UD9 | 2022-Dec-22 | 4.6 LD | 10.3 | 151 |
2022 RD2 | 2022-Dec-22 | 13.9 LD | 1.1 | 7 |
2013 YA14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 2.7 LD | 10.5 | 68 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| the underlying science of space weather |
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