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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 701.8 km/sec
density: 0.81 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
2330 UT Feb27
24-hr: C4
1022 UT Feb27
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 27 Feb 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot AR3234 has a delta-class magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 120
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 27 Feb 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 27 Feb 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 22.68
x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 27 Feb 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 159 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 27 Feb 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -3.4% Below Average
48-hr change: -0.2%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 27 Feb 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 6.33 storm
24-hr max: Kp= 7.00
strong
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 8.85 nT
Bz: -1.08 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
Coronal Holes: 27 Feb 23

Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 1st.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Feb27
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Feb 27 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
50 %
45 %
CLASS X
15 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Feb 27 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
25 %
35 %
MINOR
35 %
20 %
SEVERE
25 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
05 %
10 %
MINOR
20 %
25 %
SEVERE
70 %
55 %
 
Monday, Feb. 27, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING: Moderate (G2) to strong (G3) geomagnetic storms are possible on Feb. 27th and 28th when another CME could strike Earth's magnetic field--the second in as many days. The first CME, which arrived during the late hours of Feb. 26th, has already sparked multiple episodes of strong storming with widespread auroras in northern Europe and North America. A double blow could intensify the storm even more. Stay tuned. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

AURORAS IN THE USA: Earth's magnetic field is reverberating from the impact of a CME on Feb. 26th. Its arrival brought a gust of solar wind blowing faster than 800 km/s (the highest value in years), and triggered a strong G3-class geomagnetic storm. Rocky Raybell photographed the light show from Keller, Washington:

"The auroras appeared at 7:15 pm PST," says Raybell. "They were so bright, I was able to capture the red colors with only a 3-second exposure (ISO 3200)."

The lights spread across multiple US states including Oregon, Minnesota, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Idaho, Montana, New Jersey and North Dakota. At maximum, the lights descended as far south as Colorado.

"Here are two of my good friends and co-workers witnessing their first ever auroras--in OHIO, of all places!" reports Marybeth Kiczenski, who photographed the display from the edge of Lake Erie:

"What a special night!" says Kiczenski. "We were able to see the auroras naked eye, even through the moonlight and light pollution!"

Europe experienced a good display, too. "It was aurora madness!" says Ruslan Merzlyakov of Nykøbing Mors, Denmark. "Auroras blew up the sky!" reports Conor McDonald of Doire, Ireland. "And here in Germany it was a mega-event," adds Heiko Ulbricht of Herzogswalde, Saxony.

Don't miss the next storm. Subscribers to our Space Weather Alert Service receive instant text messages when CMEs arrive and geomagnetic storms are underway.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

EDGE OF SPACE BUTTERFLY PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the Edge of Space Butterfly. On June 26, 2022, this crystal pendant hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $172.95. The inner yellow citrine crystal is surrounded by a "spread your wings" lattice of sparkling zirconia. A rich layer of rhodium plating ensures the longevity of the pendant and its 18-inch chain.

The Edge of Space Butterfly makes a great anniversary, Christmas, or birthday gift. It comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Feb 27 2023, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On February 27, 2023 there were 2331 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 AA2
2023-Feb-22
17.4 LD
10.1
133
2023 CM2
2023-Feb-22
2.1 LD
11.2
22
2023 DE
2023-Feb-22
8.6 LD
16.9
25
2023 CS1
2023-Feb-23
15.1 LD
9.1
32
2023 DR
2023-Feb-25
0.2 LD
14
4
2023 DK
2023-Feb-25
6.6 LD
4
9
2023 CG1
2023-Feb-25
15.2 LD
6.5
32
2023 DA
2023-Feb-26
2.8 LD
5.9
18
2023 CX2
2023-Feb-27
7.6 LD
2.3
11
2023 CC2
2023-Feb-27
16.2 LD
5.1
31
2012 DK31
2023-Feb-27
12.6 LD
15.5
143
2006 BE55
2023-Feb-28
9.4 LD
13.3
145
2021 QW
2023-Mar-03
13.9 LD
12.1
79
2017 BM123
2023-Mar-03
12.1 LD
7.8
61
2007 ED125
2023-Mar-03
11.7 LD
13.1
224
2015 EG
2023-Mar-04
13.9 LD
10.6
27
2023 DU
2023-Mar-05
3.3 LD
11.7
30
2023 BK5
2023-Mar-05
17.8 LD
8.4
62
535844
2023-Mar-07
10.5 LD
7.7
149
2023 DQ
2023-Mar-08
6.2 LD
22.8
173
2020 FQ
2023-Mar-09
14 LD
6.3
13
2020 FV4
2023-Mar-13
17.6 LD
8.2
30
2023 CM
2023-Mar-14
10.3 LD
14
190
2023 DM
2023-Mar-15
8.5 LD
7.4
67
2018 UQ1
2023-Mar-17
10.7 LD
11.7
143
2016 WH
2023-Mar-19
18.1 LD
11.8
14
2018 FE3
2023-Mar-21
10.1 LD
5.4
13
2023 CE4
2023-Mar-29
20 LD
10.1
93
2022 YK4
2023-Mar-29
11.9 LD
2.3
25
2017 SE12
2023-Mar-30
5.2 LD
8.4
15
2016 GH1
2023-Mar-30
7.7 LD
5.8
11
2022 GO3
2023-Apr-02
17 LD
11.6
15
2021 GN1
2023-Apr-02
17.7 LD
14.2
18
2018 FD
2023-Apr-07
17.9 LD
8.2
47
2019 GK21
2023-Apr-13
15.2 LD
8.1
27
2022 YK9
2023-Apr-13
19.9 LD
9.9
175
436774
2023-Apr-13
12.5 LD
17.6
719
2006 HV5
2023-Apr-26
6.3 LD
17.4
400
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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