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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 507.4 km/sec
density: 11.27 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
1822 UT Oct23
24-hr: C2
1822 UT Oct23
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 23 Oct 22
Expand: labels | no labels
These sunspots have simple magnetic fields that pose no threat for strong solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 55
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 23 Oct 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 23 Oct 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 16.70
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 23 Oct 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 105 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 23 Oct 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +3.3% Elevated
48-hr change: -0.2%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 23 Oct 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 4
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 10.47 nT
Bz: 5.28 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 23 Oct 22

Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from this southern coronal hole. .
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Oct23
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Oct 23 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
05 %
05 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Oct 23 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
25 %
MINOR
20 %
10 %
SEVERE
05 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
15 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
60 %
35 %
 
Sunday, Oct. 23, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

CHANCE OF STORMS TODAY: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G2-class geomagnetic storms today, Oct. 23rd, as Earth moves into a stream of high-speed solar wind. The gaseous material is flowing from a southern hole in the sun's atmosphere. Earth's magnetosphere is already energized by yesterday's CIR (see below), so a gust of solar wind could easily stimulate more storming. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

CO-ROTATING INTERACTION REGION: A co-rotating interaction region (CIR) hit Earth's magnetic field on Oct. 22nd, sparking a G1-class geomagnetic storm and bright auroras around the Arctic Circle. "The colors were absolutely amazing!" says Marianne Bergli, who photographed the display from Kilpisjarvi, Finland:

"It was extremely windy, but who cares about that when you can see colors like these!" she says.

Co-rotating interaction regions (CIRs) are transition zones between fast- and slow-moving streams of solar wind. They contain shock waves that can mimic those found in coronal mass ejections (CMEs); in fact, we sometimes describe CIRs as "mini-CMEs."

The impact of yesterday's CIR opened a crack in Earth's magnetosphere. Solar wind poured through the gap to spark auroras at both ends of our planet. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

THE SUN JUST SWALLOWED ANOTHER COMET: For the second time in a week, a bright comet has dive-bombed the sun. It didn't work out well for the comet. This movie from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) shows the dirty snowball evaporating as it enters the sun's atmosphere:


This comet, RIP, was a Kreutz sungrazer. Kreutz sungrazers are fragments from the breakup of a single giant comet many centuries ago. They get their name from German astronomer Heinrich Kreutz, who studied them in the 19th century. Fragments from the breakup pass by the sun and disintegrate almost every day. SOHO has seen thousands of them. Most, measuring less than a few meters across, are too small to see, but occasionally a bigger fragment like this one attracts attention.

PS. If this story gives you a sense of déjà vu, it's because exactly the same thing happened last weekend when another Kreutz fragment dive-bombed the sun. It happens all the time.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

VOYAGER GOLDEN RECORD ORNAMENT: This is a must-have Christmas ornament for space fans: The Voyager Golden Record. On Oct. 15th, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $129.95. The 4-inch aluminum disk is imprinted with instructions intended for extraterrestrials, telling them how to play the phonographs now sailing through interstellar space onboard NASA's Voyager probes. Having touched the edge of space, it's the closest thing on Earth to an actual Golden Record.

The students are selling these unique ornaments to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the ornament in flight and extra materials decoding the markings on the disk.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 23, 2022, the network reported 14 fireballs.
(7 sporadics, 5 Orionids, 1 southern Taurid, 1 October beta Cameleopardid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On October 23, 2022 there were 2307 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 UD6
2022-Oct-18
18.3 LD
7.2
21
2022 UJ1
2022-Oct-18
7.2 LD
4.5
9
2022 UM
2022-Oct-18
6.1 LD
10.7
15
2022 UK1
2022-Oct-18
13.4 LD
11.4
45
2022 US
2022-Oct-18
18.7 LD
5.5
42
2022 UB
2022-Oct-18
10.3 LD
7.8
16
2022 UX2
2022-Oct-18
12.4 LD
4.3
15
2022 UV4
2022-Oct-18
1 LD
5.8
6
2022 UY2
2022-Oct-18
9.1 LD
6.6
25
2022 UT1
2022-Oct-19
16.6 LD
14.9
17
2022 UA
2022-Oct-19
8.8 LD
13.1
14
2022 SF63
2022-Oct-19
5.5 LD
3.9
10
2022 UE
2022-Oct-19
3.8 LD
5.5
18
2022 TS2
2022-Oct-20
5.9 LD
14.3
43
2022 UG
2022-Oct-20
3.6 LD
9.2
20
2022 UD1
2022-Oct-20
4.5 LD
5
8
2022 UQ6
2022-Oct-20
1.1 LD
9.8
5
2022 UO1
2022-Oct-20
16.9 LD
14.6
33
2022 UL
2022-Oct-20
6.7 LD
10.4
18
2022 UA6
2022-Oct-20
1.3 LD
11.9
9
2022 US5
2022-Oct-20
8.4 LD
8.5
17
2022 UR4
2022-Oct-20
0 LD
15.2
6
2022 US1
2022-Oct-21
11.7 LD
8.9
14
2022 TT2
2022-Oct-21
6.7 LD
12.1
34
2022 UG2
2022-Oct-21
1.6 LD
10.5
14
2022 UM4
2022-Oct-21
5.4 LD
14.9
46
2022 UC1
2022-Oct-21
1.4 LD
6.8
18
2022 UW3
2022-Oct-21
8.1 LD
19.7
71
2022 UT
2022-Oct-22
5.5 LD
12.2
19
2022 RB5
2022-Oct-22
13.1 LD
5.3
115
2022 UY5
2022-Oct-22
0.6 LD
7.9
13
2022 UC2
2022-Oct-24
13.9 LD
8
16
2022 UC7
2022-Oct-24
0.9 LD
10
10
2022 UD7
2022-Oct-24
3.3 LD
14.4
23
2022 UH2
2022-Oct-24
5.7 LD
11.9
11
2005 AZ28
2022-Oct-24
11.5 LD
5.4
48
2022 UY1
2022-Oct-25
17.9 LD
9.3
30
2022 UC3
2022-Oct-25
10.1 LD
8.4
12
2022 UU2
2022-Oct-25
2.7 LD
12.7
13
2016 TH94
2022-Oct-25
19.1 LD
13.5
43
2022 TY
2022-Oct-25
15.1 LD
5.1
21
2022 UV2
2022-Oct-26
1.5 LD
5.8
8
2022 UU1
2022-Oct-26
10.8 LD
7.2
22
2022 UV5
2022-Oct-26
11.2 LD
7.1
26
2022 UF4
2022-Oct-27
11.7 LD
13.2
46
2019 AN5
2022-Oct-27
20 LD
6.8
215
2022 UT5
2022-Oct-28
7 LD
9.4
21
2022 UM3
2022-Oct-28
8.7 LD
7.5
12
2022 UD3
2022-Oct-28
8.4 LD
6.5
20
2004 UT1
2022-Oct-29
3.9 LD
6.4
17
2022 UW6
2022-Oct-30
11.3 LD
4.1
30
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
2022 RM4
2022-Nov-01
6 LD
23.5
443
2022 UZ5
2022-Nov-02
4.6 LD
9.4
46
2022 UN5
2022-Nov-04
14.7 LD
8.2
31
2022 UL6
2022-Nov-04
17.6 LD
4.4
39
2022 UO6
2022-Nov-06
11.5 LD
11.5
39
2022 US6
2022-Nov-07
9.8 LD
7.2
19
2022 UK5
2022-Nov-08
14.3 LD
5.2
47
2020 WD
2022-Nov-08
3 LD
6
8
2022 UC5
2022-Nov-08
6 LD
12.9
38
2019 XS
2022-Nov-10
16.7 LD
11.9
60
2020 FC4
2022-Nov-12
19.3 LD
13.3
78
2022 UP2
2022-Nov-14
10.6 LD
6
33
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
246
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
168
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-02
11.9 LD
3.9
10
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
427
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
195
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
2003 YS70
2022-Dec-13
10.4 LD
4.1
5
2019 XQ1
2022-Dec-13
14.5 LD
9.8
30
2018 XU3
2022-Dec-13
14.8 LD
10.3
30
2021 XS4
2022-Dec-14
14.5 LD
9.7
23
2015 RN35
2022-Dec-15
1.8 LD
5.9
84
2016 YE
2022-Dec-18
18.6 LD
4.8
23
2014 HK129
2022-Dec-20
6.7 LD
11.6
214
2017 XQ60
2022-Dec-21
18.8 LD
16
45
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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