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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 367.6 km/sec
density: 0.72 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B9
1750 UT Apr22
24-hr: C4
0148 UT Apr22
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 22 Apr 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Big sunspot AR3282 has deleveloped a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class solar flares.. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 114
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 22 Apr 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 22 Apr 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.29x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 22 Apr 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 151 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Apr 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -1.0% Below average
48-hr change: +1.1%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Apr 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.00 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.35 nT
Bz: 2.48 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 22 Apr 23

There are no large coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Bad news: NASA's AIM spacecraft, which monitors noctilucent clouds, may be dead due to problems with an onboard battery. Mission controllers have not yet given up all hope, so stay tuned.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Apr22
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Apr 22 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
35 %
35 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Apr 22 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
40 %
25 %
MINOR
30 %
35 %
SEVERE
10 %
35 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
05 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
20 %
79 %
 
Saturday, Apr. 22, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

WAS STARSHIP'S LAUNCH A FAILURE OR A SUCCESS? Earlier this week, SpaceX's Starship (the most powerful rocket ever built) exploded only 4 minutes after it launched. SpaceX engineers cheered. Eric Berger of Ars Technica explains why indeed the mishap may have been a success: Full story.

EARTH-DIRECTED EXPLOSION ON THE SUN--UPDATED: Earth is in the strike zone. Yesterday (April 21st), a large magnetic filament snaking across the sun's southern hemisphere exploded, hurling a cloud of debris in our direction. This movie from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory shows what happened:

Soon after the eruption, the US Air Force reported strong Type II and Type IV solar radio bursts. These are natural shortwave emissions produced by shock waves preceding the CME as it passes through the sun's atmosphere. Drift rates in the Type II burst suggested a CME velocity of about 580 km/s (1.3 million mph).

Images from SOHO coronagraphs have since confirmed the CME. It is a "halo CME" heading straight for Earth:


Note: The star-like object at 3 o'clock is the planet Jupiter

Models from NASA and from NOAA agree: the CME should reach Earth during the early hours of April 24th between the hours of 00:00 and 12:00 UT. The impact could spark G1- (Minor) to G2-class (Moderate) geomagnetic storms. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

A BURST OF STATIC FROM THE SUN: The explosion that hurled a CME toward Earth on April 21st also illuminated our planet with an intense burst of shortwave radio static. Amateur astronomer Thomas Ashcraft of New Mexico recorded the outburst:

"Few solar radio bursts show as hot purple on my spectrograph, but this one 'rang the bell'," he says. "Here is an audio recording in stereo with 22 MHz in one channel and 19 MHz in the other."

The static in Ashcraft's recording, which washes over the listener like a slow ocean wave, is naturally produced. Astronomers classify it as a Type V solar radio burst caused by energetic beams of electrons ray-gunning through the sun's atmosphere. The electrons were accelerated by the same underlying explosion that hurled a CME toward Earth.

Solar radio bursts are an underappreciated form of space weather. We often talk about radio blackouts, which happen when solar flares ionize the top of Earth's atmosphere. Radio blackouts suppress the normal propagation of terrestrial radio signals. Solar radio bursts, on the other hand, produce a radio drownout. Intense static from the sun overwhelms normal transmissions, drowning out the voices radio operators are trying to hear.

Solar radio bursts will happen more and more often as Solar Cycle 25 intensifies. You can hear them youself using a RadioJOVE radio telescope kit from NASA.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

STERLING SILVER SIERRA MOONRISE PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the Sierra Moonrise Pendant. It flew to the edge of space on April 15, 2023, floating on a cosmic ray balloon 117,400 feet above the historically-snowy Sierra Nevada mountains of California:

You can have it for $179.95. The sterling silver pendant shows the craggy Sierra range with a full Moonstone rising overhead. It makes a great birthday, anniversary or Mother's day gift.

The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

WHAT A SOLAR ECLIPSE SOUNDS LIKE: A solar eclipse happens when the Moon glides in front of the sun. It's a silent process; there is no sound in space. Yet when Joerg Schoppmeyer observed Thursday's total eclipse over Exmouth, Australia, he heard something. Turn up the volume and click play:

Hoots, cries of delight, and clapping can be heard from the crowd surrounding Schoppmeyer and his telescope. Eclipses are always accompanied by this soundtrack when humans are present. It's an emotional experience, and vocalizing is practically involuntary. Criers often become lifelong eclipse chasers.

"This was my 61st solar eclipse," says Schoppmeyer, "and conditions in Exmouth were ideal. The detailed 4K video was done with a Baader Travel Companion Telescope (560mm focal length) and a Canon EOS250D (1/1000s and ISO 100)."

more images: from Farmakopoulos Antonis at Pebble Beach, Exmouth, west Australia; from Fabrizio Melandri at Exmouth, Australia; from Dirk Ewers near Charles Knife, Exmouth, Australia; from Gwenael Blanck at Exmouth, Australia; from Taichi Nakamura at Cape Range National Park, Exmouth, Australia

Realtime Solar Eclipse Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Apr 22 2023, the network reported 27 fireballs.
(15 sporadics, 11 Lyrids, 1 eta Aquariid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On April 22, 2023 there were 2316 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 GM1
2023-Apr-17
2.2 LD
6.4
12
2023 GU
2023-Apr-17
10.9 LD
11.2
31
2023 GM
2023-Apr-17
8.4 LD
20.1
107
2023 HB
2023-Apr-17
0.5 LD
12.2
3
2023 HJ1
2023-Apr-17
9 LD
5.6
18
2023 GE2
2023-Apr-17
5.9 LD
6
9
2023 GO
2023-Apr-17
18.4 LD
6.7
29
2023 GK2
2023-Apr-18
3.4 LD
8.2
7
2023 GS
2023-Apr-18
5.9 LD
8.5
22
2023 HD3
2023-Apr-18
19.5 LD
7
25
2023 HU2
2023-Apr-18
6.2 LD
17.9
40
2023 HH
2023-Apr-18
0.4 LD
10.6
6
2023 GQ1
2023-Apr-18
1.1 LD
2.6
3
2023 HT
2023-Apr-18
0.5 LD
10.7
4
2023 GR
2023-Apr-18
18.7 LD
9
58
2023 HT2
2023-Apr-18
2.5 LD
17.6
30
2023 GO2
2023-Apr-19
2.4 LD
9.3
18
2023 GV1
2023-Apr-19
17.5 LD
3.6
23
2023 HF
2023-Apr-19
2.9 LD
14.5
12
2023 HF3
2023-Apr-19
1.3 LD
11.1
5
2023 HR1
2023-Apr-19
6.5 LD
16
21
2023 HK
2023-Apr-20
0.9 LD
15.9
14
2023 HM3
2023-Apr-20
17 LD
23.1
34
2023 HJ
2023-Apr-20
4.9 LD
9.2
11
2023 HX1
2023-Apr-21
7.9 LD
10.6
11
2023 HS1
2023-Apr-21
7.2 LD
3.4
9
2023 HQ
2023-Apr-22
15.5 LD
7.3
19
2023 HV1
2023-Apr-23
17.4 LD
6.7
23
2023 HE3
2023-Apr-23
2.4 LD
18.5
15
2021 HU
2023-Apr-23
18.2 LD
12.5
31
2023 HX
2023-Apr-23
17.6 LD
11.8
41
2023 HV2
2023-Apr-23
6.3 LD
25.3
40
2023 GU2
2023-Apr-24
19.5 LD
7.7
32
2023 HJ2
2023-Apr-24
2.2 LD
11.8
12
2023 HL2
2023-Apr-25
18 LD
9.3
29
2023 HW2
2023-Apr-25
6 LD
11.6
29
2023 GO1
2023-Apr-25
10.9 LD
11.9
20
2023 HH3
2023-Apr-25
1.1 LD
13.3
13
2006 HV5
2023-Apr-26
6.3 LD
17.4
400
2023 GG1
2023-Apr-26
12.6 LD
10
39
2023 HL3
2023-Apr-26
4.8 LD
14.1
16
2023 HK3
2023-Apr-27
4.3 LD
6.4
9
2023 HW1
2023-Apr-28
11.2 LD
10.3
42
2021 JF2
2023-Apr-28
16.6 LD
8
19
2023 HH2
2023-Apr-28
17.1 LD
7.6
37
2023 GF2
2023-Apr-30
11.5 LD
4.8
29
2018 VS6
2023-May-01
5.2 LD
11.6
14
2023 HV
2023-May-01
3.6 LD
4.3
15
2006 HX57
2023-May-05
6.8 LD
11
32
2023 HP1
2023-May-07
16 LD
11.6
96
2023 HG1
2023-May-09
10.9 LD
2.4
19
2011 KY15
2023-May-18
19.9 LD
14.3
54
2021 JK7
2023-May-22
16.7 LD
22.9
48
2023 GY2
2023-May-22
18.1 LD
11.3
98
2019 UJ3
2023-May-23
15.5 LD
9.8
21
2023 CL3
2023-May-24
18.9 LD
7.3
121
2021 KO2
2023-May-29
15.8 LD
13.9
9
2012 KP24
2023-May-31
10.3 LD
12.4
19
2018 KR
2023-Jun-07
6.5 LD
4.9
19
2017 UJ2
2023-Jun-07
5.3 LD
5.6
2
488453
2023-Jun-12
8.3 LD
21.5
493
2022 WN4
2023-Jun-13
10.8 LD
15.1
158
2020 DB5
2023-Jun-15
11.3 LD
9.5
490
2023 HL
2023-Jun-17
13.6 LD
1
15
2016 LK49
2023-Jun-19
17.4 LD
19.4
22
2018 LN2
2023-Jun-20
19 LD
9.9
81
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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