| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 1 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 6.3 nT Bz: -2.4 nT south more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2344 UT Coronal Holes: 11 Nov 21 Solar wind flowing from this southern coronal hole could reach Earth on Nov. 16-17. Credit: SDO/AIA Noctilucent Clouds The northern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds appears to be over. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected no evidence of NLCs around the north pole on Aug. 29th. Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar Updated at: SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2021 Nov 11 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 01 % | 01 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2021 Nov 11 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 10 % | 10 % | MINOR | 01 % | 01 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 20 % | 20 % | MINOR | 20 % | 20 % | SEVERE | 10 % | 10 % | | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure! | | | THE FORECAST CALLS FOR QUIET: There are three sunspots on the sun today, but all three have stable magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong solar flares. Solar activity is low and likely to remain so for the next 24 to 48 hours. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text. ONE WEEK UNTIL THE LUNAR ECLIPSE: Next Friday, Nov. 19th, the full Moon will glide through the shadow of Earth, producing an almost-total lunar eclipse. All but a tiny sliver of the full Moon will turn sunset red during the 3 1/2 hour event: More time zones: EST, CST, MST, PST, HST. Credit: ShadowandSubstance.com Most of the globe will experience at least a touch of the eclipse. Check out your own location in this visibility map. North America and islands in the Pacific are favored. From those locations, the entire eclipse will be visible from beginning to end. Technically, this is a partial eclipse, but it will be exquisitely close to total. Eclipse expert Fred Espenak writing for EarthSky.org notes that "at the instant of greatest eclipse ... the Moon’s southern limb will lie only 0.8 arcminutes outside the edge of Earth's umbral shadow. This is an extraordinary test case for a marginally partial eclipse." Photographs taken at that moment may have a "diamond ring" quality, with a sliver of full-Moon brightness shining from only one side of the shadowed disk. We'll find out in one week. Stay tuned. Realtime Eclipse Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter STRANGE SUNSET: Two days ago, a cold front swept through Hong Kong. Photographer Schindler Leung knew just what to do: Go to the beach. This is what he saw when he got there: "The shape of the setting sun was very strange," says Leung. Blame the cold front. When the weather system swept through the area, cold air was pressed against warmer air hugging the water's surface. At the interface, a sharp gradient in temperature produced an inferior mirage. This is sometimes called an "omega sunset," for obvious reasons. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter HUMMINGBIRD-SUNFLOWER PENDANT: This pendant has a secret compartment--and it has touched the edge of space. On Nov. 4, 2021, our Sterling Silver Hummingbird-Sunflower Pendant flew to the stratosphere on board an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloon: You can have it for $133.95. Inscribed on the back with "Always on my mind, Forever in my heart," each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the item in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space. These make great Christmas gifts. Bonus: The pendant contains a tiny chamber, which you may fill with the ashes of a loved one or anything else you wish to keep close to your heart. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All sales support hands-on STEM education Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Nov 11, 2021, the network reported 25 fireballs. (18 sporadics, 6 northern Taurids, 1 November iota Draconid) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On November 11, 2021 there were 2234 potentially hazardous asteroids. | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2021 VN | 2021-Nov-06 | 6.1 LD | 10.5 | 14 | 2021 VV3 | 2021-Nov-06 | 7.3 LD | 24 | 70 | 2021 VZ1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 1.3 LD | 9.2 | 10 | 2021 UF1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 14.7 LD | 10.5 | 35 | 2021 VY1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 7.7 LD | 6.2 | 11 | 2021 VA2 | 2021-Nov-06 | 12.4 LD | 13.3 | 34 | 2020 KA | 2021-Nov-06 | 14.9 LD | 4.8 | 11 | 2021 VU5 | 2021-Nov-07 | 7.7 LD | 6.9 | 11 | 2021 UF4 | 2021-Nov-07 | 4.1 LD | 6.3 | 14 | 2021 VK3 | 2021-Nov-07 | 0.2 LD | 14.4 | 3 | 2021 VC | 2021-Nov-07 | 10.4 LD | 7.7 | 17 | 2021 VD | 2021-Nov-07 | 9.1 LD | 9.4 | 25 | 2021 UG4 | 2021-Nov-07 | 17.3 LD | 8.9 | 25 | 2021 VW4 | 2021-Nov-08 | 3.7 LD | 12.9 | 15 | 2021 VG | 2021-Nov-08 | 13.3 LD | 7.4 | 29 | 2021 VB2 | 2021-Nov-08 | 1.7 LD | 8.4 | 8 | 2021 VL3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 0.4 LD | 6.3 | 7 | 2021 VN3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 0.4 LD | 9.3 | 3 | 2021 SP3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 15.6 LD | 9.3 | 75 | 2021 VT3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 9.3 LD | 10.3 | 31 | 2021 VM3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 0.8 LD | 11.9 | 4 | 2021 VR1 | 2021-Nov-08 | 1.4 LD | 3.6 | 4 | 2021 UB3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 9.1 LD | 5.9 | 13 | 2021 US5 | 2021-Nov-09 | 13.8 LD | 13.7 | 22 | 2021 VW2 | 2021-Nov-09 | 14.5 LD | 22.7 | 18 | 2019 XS | 2021-Nov-09 | 1.5 LD | 10.7 | 57 | 2021 VD8 | 2021-Nov-09 | 0.3 LD | 12 | 3 | 2021 VU2 | 2021-Nov-09 | 7.7 LD | 3.1 | 10 | 2021 UA12 | 2021-Nov-09 | 2.8 LD | 4.3 | 7 | 2021 VA6 | 2021-Nov-09 | 5.7 LD | 4.6 | 6 | 2021 VV2 | 2021-Nov-09 | 6.5 LD | 12.8 | 16 | 2021 VR2 | 2021-Nov-10 | 1.8 LD | 9.9 | 15 | 2017 WG14 | 2021-Nov-10 | 18.6 LD | 11.6 | 45 | 2021 VU4 | 2021-Nov-10 | 0.3 LD | 16.1 | 8 | 2021 UA5 | 2021-Nov-11 | 11.2 LD | 9.3 | 24 | 2021 VH2 | 2021-Nov-11 | 2.9 LD | 2.3 | 7 | 2021 VW6 | 2021-Nov-11 | 1.3 LD | 17 | 6 | 2021 VY7 | 2021-Nov-11 | 0.8 LD | 12.4 | 5 | 2021 UE10 | 2021-Nov-12 | 15 LD | 5 | 19 | 2007 VD138 | 2021-Nov-12 | 16 LD | 7.7 | 44 | 2021 VC7 | 2021-Nov-12 | 0.5 LD | 18.6 | 8 | 2021 VR5 | 2021-Nov-12 | 1 LD | 14.7 | 14 | 2021 UX8 | 2021-Nov-12 | 19 LD | 6.3 | 25 | 2021 VY4 | 2021-Nov-12 | 2.3 LD | 13.8 | 19 | 2004 UE | 2021-Nov-13 | 11.1 LD | 13.2 | 186 | 2021 UO3 | 2021-Nov-13 | 4.6 LD | 6.6 | 16 | 2021 VQ2 | 2021-Nov-13 | 12.9 LD | 7.2 | 14 | 2021 UM9 | 2021-Nov-13 | 4.6 LD | 11.2 | 59 | 2021 VJ8 | 2021-Nov-13 | 5.6 LD | 8.6 | 15 | 2021 VA3 | 2021-Nov-14 | 13 LD | 8.2 | 17 | 2021 VG3 | 2021-Nov-15 | 10.2 LD | 11.4 | 19 | 2016 VR | 2021-Nov-15 | 8.2 LD | 8.7 | 19 | 2021 VM1 | 2021-Nov-15 | 9.2 LD | 14.6 | 23 | 2010 VK139 | 2021-Nov-15 | 6.4 LD | 13.9 | 65 | 2019 VL5 | 2021-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 | 2021 VQ6 | 2021-Nov-16 | 8.5 LD | 10.4 | 26 | 2021 VS5 | 2021-Nov-17 | 3.6 LD | 8.5 | 19 | 2021 VR6 | 2021-Nov-17 | 7.6 LD | 9 | 18 | 2021 VR | 2021-Nov-19 | 15.5 LD | 13.3 | 73 | 2016 JG12 | 2021-Nov-20 | 14.4 LD | 7.5 | 111 | 2021 TR15 | 2021-Nov-20 | 11.9 LD | 7 | 42 | 2021 KH2 | 2021-Nov-21 | 19.3 LD | 6.5 | 31 | 2021 VW5 | 2021-Nov-21 | 15.5 LD | 3.4 | 17 | 3361 | 2021-Nov-21 | 15.1 LD | 8.1 | 504 | 2014 WF201 | 2021-Nov-24 | 13.2 LD | 5.5 | 27 | 2021 VR4 | 2021-Nov-25 | 2.1 LD | 7.8 | 17 | 2009 WB105 | 2021-Nov-25 | 15.1 LD | 18.9 | 71 | 2019 BB5 | 2021-Nov-25 | 18.8 LD | 8.3 | 16 | 2021 VM | 2021-Nov-27 | 9.4 LD | 8.9 | 30 | 1994 WR12 | 2021-Nov-29 | 16.1 LD | 8.8 | 123 | 2021 UP4 | 2021-Dec-04 | 14 LD | 8.3 | 53 | 2021 VX7 | 2021-Dec-06 | 14.9 LD | 6.2 | 39 | 4660 | 2021-Dec-11 | 10.3 LD | 6.6 | 759 | 2019 XQ1 | 2021-Dec-13 | 14.1 LD | 9.1 | 30 | 2021 VT6 | 2021-Dec-14 | 7.7 LD | 6.9 | 53 | 2004 YC | 2021-Dec-15 | 18.4 LD | 8.1 | 27 | 163899 | 2021-Dec-17 | 14.2 LD | 5.6 | 1093 | 2021 LX3 | 2021-Dec-18 | 19.7 LD | 6.5 | 124 | 2016 YY10 | 2021-Dec-21 | 11.3 LD | 9.2 | 23 | 2017 XQ60 | 2021-Dec-21 | 13.7 LD | 15.7 | 47 | 2016 TR54 | 2021-Dec-24 | 16.9 LD | 15.5 | 135 | 2018 AH | 2021-Dec-27 | 11.9 LD | 12.7 | 112 | 2017 AE3 | 2021-Dec-29 | 9.3 LD | 19.1 | 155 | 2014 YE15 | 2022-Jan-06 | 19.3 LD | 6.4 | 8 | 2020 AP1 | 2022-Jan-07 | 4.6 LD | 5.7 | 4 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 6 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results: Our most recent flight on June 25, 2021, confirms a trend of decreasing cosmic radiation: Cosmic ray dose rates peaked in late 2019, and have been slowly declining ever since. This makes perfect sense. Solar Minimum was in late 2019. During Solar Minimum the sun's magnetic field weakens, allowing more cosmic rays into the solar system. We expect dose rate to be highest at that time. Now that Solar Minimum has passed, the sun is waking up again. Solar magnetic fields are strengthening, providing a stiffer barrier to cosmic rays trying to enter the solar system. The decline of cosmic radiation above California is a sign that new Solar Cycle 25 is gaining strength. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) llink cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes: In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! 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