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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 303.9 km/sec
density: 11.27 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1144 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B8
2112 UT Jun10
24-hr: M1
1054 UT Jun10
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 10 Jun 22
Expand: labels | no labels
New sunspots are emerging at the circled location. They are crackling with C-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 17
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 10 Jun 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 10 Jun 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 14.12
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 10 Jun 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 106 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Jun 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +6.5% High
48-hr change: +1.5%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Jun 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 7.24 nT
Bz: -0.20 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
Coronal Holes: 10 Jun 22

Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on June 15-16.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Noctilucent cloud season has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first NLCs of 2022 around the Arctic Circle on May 22nd.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Jun10
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Jun 10 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
10 %
10 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Jun 10 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
10 %
MINOR
01 %
01 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
15 %
15 %
SEVERE
10 %
10 %
 
Friday, Jun. 10, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora your guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

M-CLASS SOLAR FLARE: A new sunspot emerging over the sun's northeastern limb exploded this morning (June 10th @ 10:54 UT), producing a long-duration M1-class solar flare. Radiation from the flare caused a minor shortwave radio blackout over Africa. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.


Above: An extreme ultraviolet movie of today's M-flare. Credit: SDO/NASA

GOOD MORNING, MERCURY: Since June began, 4 bright planets have been lined up in the morning sky. Make that 5. Mercury just joined the show. Gary Dowdle photographed it emerging from the glare of the sun at dawn over Fort Davis, Texas:

"Mercury is now rising in the eastern sky where it is visible alongside Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn," says Dowdle, who made a sky map showing the 5 planets.

According to Sky&Telescope, this is the first time since December 2004 that the five naked-eye planets have appeared together in this way. They are arrayed in order of distance from the sun: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. In the mornings ahead, Mercury will climb higher and brighten, making the group even easier to see.

Dates of special interest include June 16th when Mercury is farthest from the sun and June 21st through 26th when the Moon hops from planet to planet, producing a series of early morning conjunctions. Set your alarm for dawn and enjoy the show! Sky maps: today, June 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

more images: from Bob Beal of Washington, Utah; from Noeleen Lowndes of Gold Coast Qld Australia; from Tom Harradine of Brisbane, Australia

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

LIMITED EDITION 'MIRROR SPOCK': In 1967, a transporter accident sent Mr. Spock into a parallel universe, swapping the science officer of the Enterprise with his evil twin. We just found him ... in the stratosphere. Here is "Mirror Spock" floating 108,551 feet high onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have him for $170.10 (the serial number of the Enterprise divided by 10). Inspired by the classic "Mirror, Mirror" episode of Star Trek first broadcast on Oct. 6, 1967, this 8" statue is made of high-quality polystone resin and expertly painted. It comes with a greeting card showing Spock in flight and a certificate of authenticity.

To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Star Trek, only 1000 limited edition Mirror Spock statues were manufactured and sold at sci-fi conventions in 2016. We've collected a few of these rarities to fly to the stratosphere. Get yours now.

Extra: Mirror Kirk is available, too!

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

 

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On June 10, 2022, the network reported 2 fireballs.
(2 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On June 10, 2022 there were 2279 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 LE1
2022-Jun-05
7 LD
16.1
24
2022 KB3
2022-Jun-06
2.9 LD
11.9
17
2021 GT2
2022-Jun-06
9.5 LD
7.5
50
2022 KV3
2022-Jun-07
17.8 LD
3.9
23
2022 LU2
2022-Jun-08
0.4 LD
9.8
9
2022 LU1
2022-Jun-08
9.4 LD
5.3
12
2022 KV1
2022-Jun-08
11.2 LD
15.2
61
2022 LH2
2022-Jun-09
17.4 LD
18.4
40
2018 LU2
2022-Jun-09
14.8 LD
10.7
16
2022 KM1
2022-Jun-09
16.3 LD
11.2
42
2022 LP
2022-Jun-10
5.8 LD
12.3
32
2022 KC3
2022-Jun-10
6.4 LD
4.6
17
2022 LL1
2022-Jun-11
7.2 LD
23.9
26
2022 LU
2022-Jun-11
11.8 LD
20.2
32
2006 XW4
2022-Jun-12
5.9 LD
7.3
49
2022 GU6
2022-Jun-12
3.2 LD
8.4
86
2022 LY1
2022-Jun-12
3.5 LD
7.1
12
2015 LK
2022-Jun-13
13.6 LD
8.7
31
2022 LC2
2022-Jun-15
10.1 LD
10.2
29
2022 LA3
2022-Jun-18
7.4 LD
7.2
21
2022 LX
2022-Jun-22
10.4 LD
10.1
35
2022 LS1
2022-Jun-23
18.9 LD
10
35
2022 LB2
2022-Jun-25
5 LD
8.3
23
2022 LV
2022-Jun-25
2 LD
3.6
22
2015 WP2
2022-Jun-26
18.5 LD
11.4
3
2022 JE1
2022-Jul-03
8.6 LD
5.6
74
2021 EL4
2022-Jul-05
19.8 LD
9.5
25
2015 OQ21
2022-Jul-12
18.3 LD
6.6
9
2022 LR1
2022-Jul-16
9.3 LD
4.7
42
2022 KY4
2022-Jul-17
15.9 LD
7.6
91
2021 OT
2022-Jul-17
16.5 LD
11.2
20
349068
2022-Jul-19
17.6 LD
22.9
756
2017 RX2
2022-Jul-24
17.2 LD
14.2
17
2016 CZ31
2022-Jul-29
7 LD
15.6
129
531944
2022-Jul-30
18.2 LD
5.9
192
2020 PP1
2022-Aug-01
13.1 LD
3.7
17
2020 PN1
2022-Aug-03
9.7 LD
4.6
29
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century.  It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.

We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. 

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:

The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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