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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 427.9 km/sec
density: 5.63 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C6
2024 UT Mar09
24-hr: C6
2024 UT Mar09
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 09 Mar 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspots AR3242 and AR3245 have 'beta-gamma' magnetic fields that harbor energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 146
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 09 Mar 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 09 Mar 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 24.08
x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 09 Mar 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 182 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 09 Mar 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +0.9% Elevated
48-hr change: +0.9%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 09 Mar 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4.33
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.17 nT
Bz: -0.13 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 09 Mar 23

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 1st.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Mar09
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Mar 09 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
30 %
30 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Mar 09 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
20 %
MINOR
05 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
25 %
25 %
 
Thursday, Mar. 9, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

NOTE TO READERS: Please be patient with potentially slower-than-usual updates on Spaceweather.com for the next two to three days. Author Dr. Tony Phillips, his family, and team of sled dogs are being evacuated due to an extreme avalanche hazard in the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California where the site is produced. If you see any typos or other errors, please let us know, and they will be tended to as soon as possible.

MINOR CME IMPACT POSSIBLE TODAY: Minor geomagnetic storms are possible today when a CME might sideswipe Earth's magnetic field. The CME was launched from the sun on March 6th, the aftermath of an M5.8-class solar flare. It wasn't well aimed. Only a weak glancing blow is expected, but even weak CME impacts can spark Arctic auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

A MONTH OF SUNSPOTS: February 2023 was a busy month on the sun, with the average sunspot number cracking 100 for only the 3rd time since 2014. To illustrate this development, Senol Sanli of Bursa, Turkey, stacked 28 daily sun images from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory to create a February montage:

"This single image shows every sunspot group in February," says Sanli. "It includes every numbered active region from AR3203 to AR3238."

Take a look at the progression of sunspot activity over the past 10 years. Solar Cycle 25 is definitely taking off. Originally, forecasters thought Solar Cycle 25 would be about the same as Solar Cycle 24, one of the weakest cycles in a century. February's sunspot activity is the latest sign that Solar Cycle 25 will exceed predictions, bringing a stronger-than-expected Solar Max in late 2024 or 2025.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

NORTHERN LIGHTS SPACE PENDANT: Every time the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launch cosmic ray sensors to the stratosphere, they send a little something extra along for the ride. For example, this Northern Lights pendant:

On Dec. 6th, it flew 107,612 feet above the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains of central California. You can have it for $129.95. The students are selling these pendants as a fund-raiser for their cosmic ray monitoring program. They make great anniversary, birthday and Mother's Day gifts. Each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the jewelry in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Mar 09 2023, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(3 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On March 9, 2023 there were 2331 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2015 EG
2023-Mar-04
13.9 LD
10.6
27
2023 DU
2023-Mar-05
3.3 LD
11.7
32
2023 BK5
2023-Mar-05
17.8 LD
8.4
62
2023 EC
2023-Mar-05
11.8 LD
8
29
535844
2023-Mar-07
10.5 LD
7.7
149
2023 DQ
2023-Mar-08
6.2 LD
22.8
160
2020 FQ
2023-Mar-09
14 LD
6.3
13
2020 FV4
2023-Mar-13
17.6 LD
8.2
30
2023 CM
2023-Mar-14
10.3 LD
14
190
2023 DM
2023-Mar-15
8.5 LD
7.3
65
2018 UQ1
2023-Mar-17
10.7 LD
11.7
143
2016 WH
2023-Mar-19
18.1 LD
11.8
14
2018 FE3
2023-Mar-21
10.1 LD
5.4
13
2022 YK4
2023-Mar-29
11.9 LD
2.3
25
2017 SE12
2023-Mar-30
5.2 LD
8.4
15
2016 GH1
2023-Mar-30
7.7 LD
5.8
11
2022 GO3
2023-Apr-02
17 LD
11.6
15
2021 GN1
2023-Apr-02
17.7 LD
14.2
18
2018 FD
2023-Apr-07
17.9 LD
8.2
47
2019 GK21
2023-Apr-13
15.2 LD
8.1
27
2022 YK9
2023-Apr-13
19.9 LD
9.9
175
436774
2023-Apr-13
12.5 LD
17.6
719
2006 HV5
2023-Apr-26
6.3 LD
17.4
400
2021 JF2
2023-Apr-28
16.6 LD
8
19
2018 VS6
2023-May-01
5.2 LD
11.6
14
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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