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INCREASING CHANCE OF FLARES: NOAA forecasters have boosted the chance of M-class solar flares today to 25%. This is in response to the continued growth of AR3141. The big sunspot now has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for moderately-strong explosions. Any flares will be geoeffective as the sunspot is turning toward Earth. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text
TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE MOON: The full Moon passed through Earth's shadow this morning, producing a total lunar eclipse. Kevin R. Witman watched the full Moon turn red from Cochranville, Pennsylvania:
"Skies were clear in Southeastern Pennsylvania for this epic event," says Witman. "The eclipse was fairly dark compared to other eclipses I have observed in the past--perhaps because it was less than 20 degrees above the western horizon." Exhaust from the Tonga volcano lingering in the stratosphere since its eruption almost 11 months ago may have also darkened the eclipse, although this remains to be proven by systematic observations.
In Alberta, Canada, the sky grew so dark during totality that Alan Dyer was able to photograph faint bands of red and green airglow:
"I shot this from home in southern Alberta on a night that we were lucky to have clear at all, as it had been snowing heavily all day," says Dyer. "It cleared at night as predicted, but the temperature dropped to -25° C, so just operating the camera was a chore."
Got a picture of the eclipse? Submit it here!
Realtime Eclipse Photo Gallery
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A ROCKET OVER MANHATTAN: Alex Krivenyshev woke up before sunrise Monday morning. Good decision. He saw a rocket over Manhattan:
It was a Northrop Grumman Antares rocket carrying a Cygnus resupply spacecraft to the International Space Station. The launch from Wallops Island, Virginia, was visible from much of the US eastern seaboard.
"There was uncertainty as to what could be seen in the early morning skies over Manhattan," says Krivenyshev. "However, those who woke up at 5:35 a.m. were treated to a spectacular show lasting 30-40 seconds with an amazing spiral vapor trail from a separated booster rocket viewed above New York City."
The Cygnus spacecraft carried some unusual science experiments to the ISS headlined by a human tissue bioprinter. During its first trip to space in 2019, the BioFabrication Facility successfully printed a partial human knee meniscus and a large number of human heart cells. The 2019 flight confirmed that microgravity printing produces higher-quality tissue samples compared to those printed on the ground. Researchers are eager to conduct additional tests in 2022.
more images: from Cheryl Somariva of Chesterfield, Virginia; from Michael Guerrera of Havelock, North Carolina
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
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STERLING SILVER HUMMINGBIRD PENDANT: This hummingbird has touched space. On Sept. 22, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched the sterling silver pendant to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon, more than 117,710 feet high:
You can have it for $149.95. The students are selling hummingbird pendants to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the bird and red lily in flight, and telling the story of their trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Nov 08, 2022, the network reported 65 fireballs.
(36 northern Taurids, 28 sporadics, 1 omicron Eridanid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On November 8, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
2022 UP17 | 2022-Nov-03 | 1.6 LD | 19.3 | 12 |
2022 VD | 2022-Nov-03 | 1.8 LD | 8.4 | 6 |
2022 UZ8 | 2022-Nov-03 | 12.8 LD | 10.4 | 22 |
2022 UN5 | 2022-Nov-04 | 14.7 LD | 8.2 | 32 |
2022 UB9 | 2022-Nov-04 | 16.4 LD | 6.5 | 18 |
2022 UQ20 | 2022-Nov-04 | 3.1 LD | 8.3 | 12 |
2022 VC | 2022-Nov-04 | 7.2 LD | 9.9 | 17 |
2022 UL6 | 2022-Nov-04 | 17.6 LD | 4.4 | 39 |
2022 UB16 | 2022-Nov-05 | 7.5 LD | 19.7 | 44 |
2022 UK10 | 2022-Nov-05 | 15.4 LD | 11.8 | 27 |
2022 UM21 | 2022-Nov-05 | 10.2 LD | 14.3 | 17 |
2022 UM16 | 2022-Nov-05 | 11.8 LD | 15.8 | 69 |
2022 UY14 | 2022-Nov-06 | 8.8 LD | 19.8 | 34 |
2022 UC34 | 2022-Nov-06 | 1.7 LD | 10.9 | 7 |
2022 UO6 | 2022-Nov-06 | 11.5 LD | 11.5 | 38 |
2022 VA | 2022-Nov-06 | 8.2 LD | 12.3 | 25 |
2022 UC22 | 2022-Nov-07 | 18.3 LD | 17.4 | 199 |
2022 UN21 | 2022-Nov-07 | 8 LD | 11.1 | 18 |
2022 US6 | 2022-Nov-07 | 9.7 LD | 7.2 | 19 |
2022 UR21 | 2022-Nov-07 | 8.6 LD | 9.8 | 17 |
2022 VY | 2022-Nov-08 | 3.1 LD | 10 | 10 |
2022 UK5 | 2022-Nov-08 | 14.3 LD | 5.2 | 43 |
2020 WD | 2022-Nov-08 | 3 LD | 6 | 8 |
2022 UC5 | 2022-Nov-08 | 6.1 LD | 12.9 | 37 |
2022 UV20 | 2022-Nov-09 | 7.7 LD | 8.4 | 20 |
2019 XS | 2022-Nov-10 | 16.7 LD | 11.9 | 60 |
2022 VP | 2022-Nov-11 | 8.1 LD | 5.1 | 19 |
2022 UV14 | 2022-Nov-11 | 10.8 LD | 7.6 | 19 |
2020 FC4 | 2022-Nov-12 | 19.3 LD | 13.3 | 78 |
2022 VE | 2022-Nov-13 | 11.3 LD | 9.6 | 31 |
2022 UH16 | 2022-Nov-14 | 14.8 LD | 9.8 | 23 |
2022 UP2 | 2022-Nov-14 | 10.6 LD | 6 | 34 |
2019 VL5 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 |
2022 UD28 | 2022-Nov-16 | 10.9 LD | 11.5 | 32 |
2018 WH | 2022-Nov-16 | 2.5 LD | 7.7 | 4 |
2022 US14 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.5 LD | 8.2 | 39 |
2022 VX | 2022-Nov-20 | 11.2 LD | 5.9 | 13 |
2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
2022 VQ | 2022-Nov-27 | 7.7 LD | 8.2 | 24 |
2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
2022 UT8 | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.1 LD | 4.2 | 64 |
2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
2003 YS70 | 2022-Dec-13 | 10.4 LD | 4.1 | 5 |
2019 XQ1 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.5 LD | 9.8 | 30 |
2018 XU3 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.8 LD | 10.3 | 30 |
2021 XS4 | 2022-Dec-14 | 14.5 LD | 9.7 | 23 |
2015 RN35 | 2022-Dec-15 | 1.8 LD | 5.9 | 84 |
2016 YE | 2022-Dec-18 | 18.6 LD | 4.8 | 23 |
2014 HK129 | 2022-Dec-20 | 6.7 LD | 11.6 | 214 |
2017 XQ60 | 2022-Dec-21 | 18.8 LD | 16 | 45 |
2022 UD9 | 2022-Dec-22 | 4.6 LD | 10.3 | 153 |
2022 RD2 | 2022-Dec-22 | 13.9 LD | 1.1 | 7 |
2013 YA14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 2.7 LD | 10.5 | 68 |
2022 TE14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 11.2 LD | 7 | 128 |
2018 YK2 | 2022-Dec-26 | 15.8 LD | 15.1 | 98 |
2010 XC15 | 2022-Dec-27 | 2 LD | 10.1 | 184 |
2021 AE | 2022-Dec-28 | 16.5 LD | 15 | 23 |
2021 NF | 2023-Jan-02 | 17.9 LD | 11.3 | 40 |
2011 WR41 | 2023-Jan-03 | 15.8 LD | 8.9 | 34 |
2019 AY3 | 2023-Jan-04 | 16.8 LD | 19.7 | 62 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| the underlying science of space weather |
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