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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 323.4 km/sec
density: 4.22 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C9
2227 UT May05
24-hr: M2
0801 UT May05
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 05 May 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Reverse polarity sunspot AR3296 poses a threat for strong M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 139
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 05 May 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 05 May 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.56x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 04 May 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 162 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 05 May 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +0.6% Above Average
48-hr change: +0.6%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 05 May 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 0.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.00
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.74 nT
Bz: -1.83 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 05 May 23

Solar wind flowing from this southern coronal hole could reach Earth on May 7th.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Bad news: NASA's AIM spacecraft, which monitors noctilucent clouds, may be dead due to problems with an onboard battery. Mission controllers have not yet given up all hope, so stay tuned.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated May05
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 May 05 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
55 %
55 %
CLASS X
15 %
15 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 May 05 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
35 %
MINOR
10 %
25 %
SEVERE
01 %
10 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
30 %
30 %
 
Friday, May. 5, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor (G1) to moderate (G2) geomagnetic storms are possible on May 7-8 in response to a series of CMEs that have left the sun in the past 48 hours. This is an uncertain forecast. Multiple explosions on May 4th and 5th produced overlapping CMEs, which are difficult to disentangle and properly model. Nevertheless, the growing number of Earthside eruptions is boosting the odds of a CME strike in the next few days. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

THE EXPLOSIONS CONTINUE: For the third day in a row, the sun is crackling with M-class solar flares. The action on May 5th began with a magnetic filament lifting off the sun's eastern limb, which set off a chain reaction recorded by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO):

The movie, above, was taken through SDO's 304 Å filter; it shows gas with a temperature of 50,000 K. Much hotter gas was involved, too. Take a look at 193 Å (1,000,000 K) and 131 Å (10,000,000 K). Viewing the event in these different wavelengths reveals not only strong flares but also a solar tsunami rippling through the sun's atmosphere. It was a big event.

The explosions of May 5th have hurled multiple overlapping CMEs into space: movie. At least one is probably Earth-directed. NOAA analysts are sorting out the storm clouds now and they may have a forecast to share later today. Stay tuned. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

MR. SPOCK SOAP (VULCAN MINT SCENTED): It's the logical way to get clean: Vulcan-mint scented Spock Soap. This bar touched space on April 29, 2023, when it hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloon:

You can have it for $99.95. Not only does the bar smell like the mint gardens of Vulcan, but also each side of the wrapper features hilarious Spock lore. Take a look.

The students of Earth to Sky are selling space soap to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each bar comes with a greeting card showing the soap in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On May 04, 2023, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(5 sporadics, 3 eta Aquariids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On May 5, 2023 there were 2316 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 GF2
2023-Apr-30
11.5 LD
4.8
28
2023 HD7
2023-Apr-30
0.6 LD
11.4
7
2018 VS6
2023-May-01
5.2 LD
11.6
14
2023 HV
2023-May-01
3.6 LD
4.3
15
2023 HY3
2023-May-01
16.7 LD
6.5
32
2023 HV5
2023-May-03
1.1 LD
8.9
13
2023 HF7
2023-May-04
1.7 LD
13.1
16
2023 HJ7
2023-May-04
20 LD
37.3
94
2023 HH7
2023-May-04
2.2 LD
24.6
28
2023 HZ4
2023-May-04
8 LD
22.8
58
2006 HX57
2023-May-05
6.8 LD
11
30
2015 VN66
2023-May-06
20.1 LD
20
114
2023 HT6
2023-May-07
3.2 LD
9.2
21
2023 HP1
2023-May-07
16 LD
11.6
93
2023 HG1
2023-May-09
10.9 LD
2.4
19
2023 HT4
2023-May-12
15.9 LD
8.9
81
2011 KY15
2023-May-18
19.9 LD
14.3
54
2021 JK7
2023-May-22
16.7 LD
22.9
48
2023 GY2
2023-May-22
18.1 LD
11.3
96
2019 UJ3
2023-May-23
15.5 LD
9.8
21
2023 CL3
2023-May-24
18.9 LD
7.3
117
2021 KO2
2023-May-29
15.8 LD
13.9
9
2012 KP24
2023-May-31
10.3 LD
12.4
19
2018 KR
2023-Jun-07
6.5 LD
4.9
19
2017 UJ2
2023-Jun-07
5.3 LD
5.6
2
488453
2023-Jun-12
8.3 LD
21.5
495
2022 WN4
2023-Jun-13
10.8 LD
15.1
158
2020 DB5
2023-Jun-15
11.3 LD
9.5
506
2023 HL
2023-Jun-17
13.5 LD
1
15
2016 LK49
2023-Jun-19
17.4 LD
19.4
22
2018 LN2
2023-Jun-20
19 LD
9.9
84
2023 HF1
2023-Jun-21
12.5 LD
4.4
59
467336
2023-Jun-24
17.4 LD
7.1
269
2008 LG2
2023-Jun-24
10.5 LD
5.6
32
2022 MM1
2023-Jun-29
9.5 LD
9.8
41
2020 NC
2023-Jul-02
13.9 LD
7.7
123
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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