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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 490.4 km/sec
density: 11.80 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M1
2122 UT Oct03
24-hr: M4
1011 UT Oct03
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 03 Oct 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Huge sunspot AR3112 has a delta-class magnetic field that poses a threat for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 102
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 03 Oct 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 03 Oct 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 15.76
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 03 Oct 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 154 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Oct 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +1.5% Elevated
48-hr change: +0.3%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Oct 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 5 storm
24-hr max: Kp= 5
storm
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 8.16 nT
Bz: -3.23 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 03 Oct 22

Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Oct03
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Oct 03 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
75 %
70 %
CLASS X
35 %
35 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Oct 03 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
25 %
35 %
MINOR
35 %
10 %
SEVERE
20 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
25 %
MINOR
20 %
30 %
SEVERE
65 %
25 %
 
Monday, Oct. 3, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

MULTIPLE CMES ARE COMING: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G2-class geomagnetic storms on Oct. 4th when multiple CMEs might sideswipe Earth's magnetic field. Most of the incoming CMEs were hurled into space by sunspot AR3110, which unleashed a series of strong flares (M5.9, M8.7, X1) over the weekend. During G2-class storms, naked-eye auroras can descend into the United States as low as New York and Idaho. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

A BIG DANGEROUS SUNSPOT: One of the biggest sunspots in years has just rotated over the sun's northeastern limb. Introducing, AR3112:

AR3112 has more than a dozen dark cores scattered across 130,000 km of solar terrain, making it an easy target for backyard solar telescopes. Don't have a solar filter? Use the projection method, instead.

The image above is a magnetic map of the sun's surface with a white light photo of AR3112 inset. It shows what makes this sunspot group so dangerous. Positive and negative magnetic polarities are bumping together--an explosive mixture that could produce an X-class solar flare.

The emergence of AR3112 already fully formed and unstable could herald two weeks of high solar activity as the sunspot group transits the solar disk, facing Earth the whole time. Stay tuned. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

STERLING SILVER HUMMINGBIRD PENDANT: This hummingbird has touched space. On Sept. 22, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched the sterling silver pendant to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon, more than 117,710 feet high:

You can have it for $149.95. The students are selling hummingbird pendants to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the bird and red lily in flight, and telling the story of their trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

THE AURORA THAT'S NOT AN AURORA: On Sept. 26th, a CME struck Earth's magnetic field. During the resulting geomagnetic storm (G2), auroras spread as far south as Missouri. Upon closer inspection, some of the auroras were not auroras. Here is an example from Glidden, Wisconsin:

"I knew the storm was happening, so I headed out to capture the Milky Way with some aurora thrown in," says photographer Michele Sadauskas. "With my first click, I knew something was up. Everything was RED! I happily captured this gigantic SAR arc that went from east to west in the sky."

SARs are red arcs of light that ripple across the sky during some geomagnetic storms. They were discovered in 1956 at the beginning of the Space Age. Researchers didn’t know what they were and unwittingly gave them a misleading name: "Stable Auroral Red arcs" or SARs.

In fact, SARs are neither stable nor auroras. Auroras appear when charged particles rain down from space, hitting the atmosphere and causing it to glow like the picture tube of an old color TV. SARs form differently. They are a sign of heat energy leaking into the upper atmosphere from Earth’s ring current system--a donut-shaped circuit of plasma carrying millions of amps around our planet.


Above: SARs photographed by the Dynamics Explorer-1 satellite in 1982. More

SARs are among the reddest things in the sky, with a monochromatic glow at 6300 Å that comes from atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere. The human eye is relatively insensitive to light at this wavelength, but cameras can record the color easily. Pro tip for photographers: Use a 6300 Å filter.

more images: from Jeff Berkes of Bayfield, Wisconsin; from Bill Kocken of McGregor, Minnesota

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 03, 2022, the network reported 14 fireballs.
(14 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On October 3, 2022 there were 2298 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 SO4
2022-Sep-28
13.6 LD
11.5
27
2022 SB11
2022-Sep-28
15.3 LD
12.1
29
2022 SP1
2022-Sep-28
19 LD
4.6
20
2022 SZ10
2022-Sep-28
12.9 LD
7.3
11
2022 ST7
2022-Sep-28
10.8 LD
5.2
30
2022 SZ
2022-Sep-28
13.7 LD
7.4
18
2022 SR1
2022-Sep-29
12.1 LD
6
25
2016 HF2
2022-Sep-29
19.2 LD
5.6
21
2022 SA12
2022-Sep-29
3.7 LD
10.6
9
2022 SH12
2022-Sep-29
3.5 LD
14.8
14
2022 SG11
2022-Sep-29
2.8 LD
18.9
13
2022 SP43
2022-Sep-29
19.9 LD
11
22
2022 TG
2022-Sep-29
4.7 LD
12
33
2022 SJ9
2022-Sep-29
3.2 LD
9.9
12
2022 SU7
2022-Sep-30
1.9 LD
4.9
8
2022 SW24
2022-Sep-30
1.2 LD
10.8
8
2022 TE
2022-Oct-01
6.1 LD
7.3
13
2022 SB12
2022-Oct-01
2.4 LD
11.2
12
2022 SD25
2022-Oct-01
7.8 LD
9.4
16
2022 SB9
2022-Oct-01
5.2 LD
8.8
20
2022 SZ9
2022-Oct-01
1.5 LD
7.7
8
2018 ER1
2022-Oct-02
14.7 LD
4
27
2022 SL28
2022-Oct-03
4.3 LD
13.2
11
2022 SC9
2022-Oct-03
13.3 LD
15.3
43
2022 TF
2022-Oct-04
6.9 LD
10.3
30
2022 SM21
2022-Oct-04
4.9 LD
15.1
12
2022 SO11
2022-Oct-04
2.9 LD
12.4
15
2018 VG
2022-Oct-05
18.5 LD
6.7
12
2022 SJ28
2022-Oct-05
14.9 LD
9.2
19
2022 TD
2022-Oct-06
1 LD
10.1
10
2021 TJ10
2022-Oct-06
19.6 LD
8.1
6
2013 TJ6
2022-Oct-07
11.7 LD
14.4
32
2022 SU21
2022-Oct-08
3.2 LD
20
41
2022 SB29
2022-Oct-09
4.6 LD
7.6
15
2022 SV11
2022-Oct-09
17.1 LD
14.4
35
2022 SE10
2022-Oct-10
5.5 LD
10.9
29
2022 RA5
2022-Oct-12
13.1 LD
5.1
38
2022 SG6
2022-Oct-13
15.7 LD
10.9
87
2013 SL20
2022-Oct-14
6.3 LD
12.2
45
2022 SY10
2022-Oct-15
6.4 LD
3.2
15
2022 SK48
2022-Oct-15
17.7 LD
10.3
57
2020 TO2
2022-Oct-15
1.4 LD
12.6
18
2020 BD
2022-Oct-16
12.1 LD
11.4
20
2022 SK15
2022-Oct-16
9.5 LD
15.8
57
2022 QM6
2022-Oct-16
19.6 LD
4.2
69
2022 RB5
2022-Oct-22
13.1 LD
5.3
115
2005 AZ28
2022-Oct-24
11.5 LD
5.4
48
2016 TH94
2022-Oct-25
19.1 LD
13.5
43
2019 AN5
2022-Oct-27
20 LD
6.8
215
2004 UT1
2022-Oct-29
4 LD
6.3
17
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
2022 RM4
2022-Nov-01
6 LD
23.5
443
2020 WD
2022-Nov-08
3 LD
6
8
2019 XS
2022-Nov-10
16.7 LD
11.9
60
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
246
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
168
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona SEO and Arizona Business Directory and C8 Corvette | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer | Phoenix SEO
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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