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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 443.8 km/sec
density: 4.68 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
2114 UT Sep22
24-hr: C7
1134 UT Sep22
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 22 Sep 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Big sunspots AR3105 and AR3107 are turning toward Earth and might soon pose a threat for geoeffective solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 70
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 22 Sep 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 22 Sep 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 14.12
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 22 Sep 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 137 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Sep 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +0.6% Elevated
48-hr change: -1.3%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Sep 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 10.32 nT
Bz: 2.76 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 22 Sep 22

Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole could should hit Earth's magnetic field on Sept. 23-24.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Sep22
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Sep 22 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
30 %
30 %
CLASS X
05 %
05 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Sep 22 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
45 %
40 %
MINOR
25 %
20 %
SEVERE
05 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
20 %
MINOR
30 %
30 %
SEVERE
45 %
35 %
 
Thursday, Sep. 22, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

CHANCE OF MINOR STORMS: NOAA forecasters say that a minor G1-class geomagnetic storm is possible on Sept. 23rd when a high-speed stream of solar wind is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. The gaseous material is flowing from an equatorial hole in the sun's atmosphere. High-latitude auroras are possible when the windy stream arrives. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

CHINA'S GROWING SPACE STATION: China's Tiangong space station is in the big leagues now. In the past year alone, it has more than doubled in size, and it is starting to rival its older cousin the International Space Station (ISS). On Sept. 22nd, astrophotographer Philip Smith watched Tiangong fly over his backyard in New York. "It was bright!" he says. "I created this composite photo to show how much it has grown."

On the left is station's original core module, Tianhe-1, which Smith photographed in 2021. On the right is a recent photo of the International Space Station. Between the two is Tiangong as it appeared to Smith on Sept. 22nd.

"I scaled all of these images so they show the spacecraft as they would appear side-by-side at the same distance from my telescope," notes Smith.

With solar arrays, a robotic arm, multiple modules, and two spacecraft (Tianzhou 4 and Shenzhou 14) waiting at docking ports, Tiangong is starting to look a lot like the ISS. The ISS is still much larger, but China is catching up.

When it is completed in December 2023, Tiangong with be a Mir-class facility massing nearly 70 tons with living space for as many as 7 astronauts and even a Hubble-class telescope to view the cosmos.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

BIG SUNSPOT ALERT: They're coming. Sunspots AR3105-3107 have rounded the sun's southeastern limb and now they are turning toward Earth. Maximilian Teodorescu photographed them today from his backyard observatory in Magurele, Romania:

"These large sunspots are seething with activity," saysTeodorescu, "although they haven't produced any strong flares yet." Emphasis on yet. There is an increasing chance of geoeffective eruptions as they turn toward Earth this weekend.

With three dark cores larger than Earth embedded in a vast field of bright magnetic froth, this sunspot complex is an easy target for backyard solar telescopes. No solar filter? No problem. Try the projection technique instead.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

THE INFINITY PEARL: Nothing says "I love you forever" like the Infinity Pearl. Last January, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched this unique pendant to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. For more than 2 hours it floated 101,378 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $249.95. The students are selling space pearls to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Measuring 9 mm in diameter, the Infinity Pearl is mounted on a sterling silver infinity twist and suspended from a matching 17 inch long sterling silver chain. It comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Sep 21, 2022, the network reported 16 fireballs.
(15 sporadics, 1 southern Taurid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On September 22, 2022 there were 2293 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 SB4
2022-Sep-17
11.3 LD
23.5
32
2022 SU5
2022-Sep-17
3.4 LD
4.8
7
2022 SJ3
2022-Sep-17
0.4 LD
15.8
3
2022 SC5
2022-Sep-17
3.9 LD
15.1
12
2005 RX3
2022-Sep-18
12.4 LD
17.5
110
2022 SB
2022-Sep-18
3 LD
17.9
11
2022 QB37
2022-Sep-18
17.2 LD
9.2
59
2022 SS2
2022-Sep-18
2 LD
7.3
13
2022 SA5
2022-Sep-18
2.7 LD
22.8
23
2022 SF
2022-Sep-19
14.6 LD
16.8
25
2022 QJ50
2022-Sep-19
11 LD
10.2
34
2022 SK4
2022-Sep-19
0 LD
13
3
2022 SC1
2022-Sep-20
14.4 LD
10.3
26
2022 SW1
2022-Sep-20
1.8 LD
10.1
10
2022 SH
2022-Sep-20
7.9 LD
7.6
11
2022 SA1
2022-Sep-21
18.8 LD
14.1
33
2022 SR2
2022-Sep-21
1.2 LD
21.7
9
2022 SK1
2022-Sep-22
7.1 LD
8.4
29
2022 SG3
2022-Sep-22
1.7 LD
10.8
14
2022 ST1
2022-Sep-22
4 LD
13.5
13
2022 SG
2022-Sep-22
7.3 LD
19.6
45
2022 QH8
2022-Sep-22
10.6 LD
15.3
52
2022 SW3
2022-Sep-23
7.2 LD
8.7
38
2022 QK36
2022-Sep-23
18.7 LD
3.7
22
2022 SP
2022-Sep-24
9.2 LD
9.8
13
2022 SK
2022-Sep-24
18.1 LD
16.6
50
2022 RM
2022-Sep-25
14.2 LD
10
31
2022 SL1
2022-Sep-25
9.3 LD
8
22
2022 SU1
2022-Sep-25
4 LD
14
16
2022 SR4
2022-Sep-26
7.9 LD
11
24
2022 SY4
2022-Sep-26
2.4 LD
11.8
10
2022 SY2
2022-Sep-27
18.8 LD
12.8
46
2022 SZ2
2022-Sep-27
1.5 LD
3.6
10
2022 ST3
2022-Sep-27
18 LD
17.5
32
2022 SD4
2022-Sep-27
10.7 LD
9.8
18
2022 SP4
2022-Sep-27
15.6 LD
13.2
52
2022 SO4
2022-Sep-28
13.6 LD
11.5
27
2022 SP1
2022-Sep-28
19 LD
4.6
20
2022 SZ
2022-Sep-28
13.7 LD
7.4
18
2022 SR1
2022-Sep-29
12.1 LD
6
25
2016 HF2
2022-Sep-29
19.2 LD
5.6
21
2018 ER1
2022-Oct-02
14.7 LD
4
27
2018 VG
2022-Oct-05
18.5 LD
6.7
12
2021 TJ10
2022-Oct-06
19.6 LD
8.1
6
2013 TJ6
2022-Oct-07
11.7 LD
14.4
32
2022 RA5
2022-Oct-12
13.2 LD
5.1
38
2013 SL20
2022-Oct-14
6.2 LD
12.1
45
2020 TO2
2022-Oct-15
1.4 LD
12.6
18
2020 BD
2022-Oct-16
12.1 LD
11.4
20
2022 QM6
2022-Oct-17
19.8 LD
4.2
69
2022 RB5
2022-Oct-22
13.1 LD
5.3
115
2005 AZ28
2022-Oct-24
11.5 LD
5.4
48
2016 TH94
2022-Oct-25
19.1 LD
13.5
43
2019 AN5
2022-Oct-27
20 LD
6.8
215
2004 UT1
2022-Oct-29
4 LD
6.3
17
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
2022 RM4
2022-Nov-01
6 LD
23.5
443
2020 WD
2022-Nov-08
3 LD
6
8
2019 XS
2022-Nov-10
16.7 LD
11.9
60
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona SEO and Arizona Business Directory and C8 Corvette | Phoenix Personal Injury Lawyer | Phoenix SEO
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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