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Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
2.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33 quiet
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.86 nT
Bz: -1.92 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0206 UT
Coronal Holes: 26 Apr 25
Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from this large southern coronal hole. Credit: NASA/SDO | more data
Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:
On April 25, 2025, the Arctic stratosphere is much too hot for Type II clouds. | more data.
Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is finished. The first clouds were detected over Antarctica on Nov. 19, 2024, and they vanished again on Feb. 21, 2025. The action will shift to the north pole in late May 2025. Until then, the map will remain blank.
Updated: Feb. 21, 2025
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2025 Apr 25 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
40
% |
40
% |
CLASS X |
01
% |
01
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2025 Apr 25 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
15
% |
35
% |
MINOR |
05
% |
15
% |
SEVERE |
01
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
15
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
25
% |
30
% |
SEVERE |
25
% |
50
% |
|
|
|
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This is an AI Free Zone: Text created by Large Language Models is spreading across the Internet. It's well-written, but frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.
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A DOZEN SUNSPOT GROUPS: Today, there are twelve sunspot groups on the solar disk. That's a large number. However, they all have stable magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong flares. Solar activity should remain low throughout the weekend. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
MONSTER TORNADO ON THE SUN: On Earth, the most dangerous tornadoes are rated F5. On the sun, they can be hundreds of times worse. David Wilson photographed this twister, big enough to swallow our entire planet, from his backyard observatory in Inverness, Scotland:
"I was recording this monster all day on April 24th when I noticed the central stem grow brighter until it let go at about 1300UT," says Wilson. "It looked like a huge swirl of plasma went round the stem and flew into space."
Wind speeds in this monster top 150,000 mph. If we rated it on the Fujita scale, it would be a F100, at least. The structure of the twister is not defined by wind, however. Tornadoes on the sun are controlled by magnetism. Solar magnetic fields twist in a furious spiral, dragging clouds of plasma around and hurling them into space when they become overtorqued.
Tornadoes on the sun have been seen before, but this one is unusually large--a monster, indeed.
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
CONSTELLATION CAT CRYSTAL NIGHT LIGHT: It's the most far-out feline night light ever--the Constellation Cat. On March 21, 2025, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a giant helium balloon.
You can have it for $129.95. Outlined by stars in the style of an astronomical constellation, the laser-etched cat comes with an LED stand that produces a soothing glow for your bedside table. Also included: A unique greeting card shows the cat in flight and tells the story of its journey to the edge of space.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Apr 24, 2025, the network reported 10 fireballs.
(9 sporadics, 1 Lyrid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On April 26, 2025 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
| Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
| 2025 HZ |
2025-Apr-20 |
1.2 LD |
9.5 |
5 |
| 2025 HA1 |
2025-Apr-20 |
0.3 LD |
17.8 |
26 |
| 2025 FK12 |
2025-Apr-20 |
9.5 LD |
7.4 |
22 |
| 2025 HC |
2025-Apr-20 |
1.2 LD |
15.4 |
18 |
| 2025 HE |
2025-Apr-20 |
1.9 LD |
10.9 |
12 |
| 2025 HK |
2025-Apr-20 |
12.2 LD |
16.5 |
24 |
| 2025 HM3 |
2025-Apr-20 |
19.4 LD |
7.6 |
16 |
| 2025 HD1 |
2025-Apr-21 |
13.1 LD |
16.6 |
26 |
| 2025 HG1 |
2025-Apr-21 |
1.2 LD |
10.7 |
10 |
| 2025 HS |
2025-Apr-21 |
9.8 LD |
11.3 |
21 |
| 2025 HE3 |
2025-Apr-21 |
2.4 LD |
4.1 |
8 |
| 2025 HP |
2025-Apr-21 |
7.2 LD |
13.4 |
22 |
| 2025 HY1 |
2025-Apr-21 |
5.7 LD |
7 |
12 |
| 2025 HU |
2025-Apr-22 |
3.3 LD |
8.6 |
12 |
| 2014 HS124 |
2025-Apr-22 |
10.9 LD |
8.9 |
85 |
| 2025 GD1 |
2025-Apr-22 |
4.2 LD |
5.9 |
28 |
| 2025 HF |
2025-Apr-23 |
2.3 LD |
9.1 |
27 |
| 2025 HN |
2025-Apr-23 |
5.2 LD |
11.5 |
15 |
| 2025 HH1 |
2025-Apr-23 |
13.8 LD |
17.9 |
32 |
| 2025 HM |
2025-Apr-24 |
15.1 LD |
11.6 |
101 |
| 2025 HF1 |
2025-Apr-24 |
1 LD |
14.7 |
19 |
| 2019 FY2 |
2025-Apr-24 |
12.8 LD |
5.3 |
12 |
| 2025 HX |
2025-Apr-24 |
3.5 LD |
12.6 |
11 |
| 2025 HT |
2025-Apr-25 |
3.3 LD |
6.8 |
18 |
| 462959 |
2025-Apr-25 |
12.9 LD |
9.5 |
217 |
| 2025 HU2 |
2025-Apr-25 |
1.1 LD |
7.1 |
6 |
| 2025 FK28 |
2025-Apr-25 |
16.6 LD |
11.9 |
63 |
| 2025 HP1 |
2025-Apr-26 |
9.3 LD |
8.5 |
14 |
| 2025 HV |
2025-Apr-27 |
14.6 LD |
16.5 |
49 |
| 2025 HO2 |
2025-Apr-27 |
7 LD |
7.9 |
56 |
| 2025 HS1 |
2025-Apr-27 |
14.5 LD |
11.3 |
30 |
| 2025 HY |
2025-Apr-27 |
10.7 LD |
10.7 |
18 |
| 2025 HL3 |
2025-Apr-28 |
14 LD |
7.6 |
46 |
| 2025 HG2 |
2025-Apr-28 |
6.4 LD |
4.9 |
11 |
| 2025 HW1 |
2025-Apr-28 |
3.2 LD |
19.7 |
25 |
| 2025 GT1 |
2025-May-01 |
11.2 LD |
11.1 |
38 |
| 2024 BF |
2025-May-01 |
9.5 LD |
4.6 |
46 |
| 2025 HR1 |
2025-May-02 |
12.5 LD |
6.3 |
13 |
| 2024 JM2 |
2025-May-03 |
7.2 LD |
11.3 |
62 |
| 2021 JN1 |
2025-May-06 |
18.3 LD |
16.3 |
39 |
| 2025 HY2 |
2025-May-07 |
17.6 LD |
13.5 |
38 |
| 2021 HZ |
2025-May-08 |
20 LD |
10.2 |
30 |
| 612356 |
2025-May-09 |
11 LD |
5.1 |
305 |
| 2021 KH |
2025-May-10 |
18.3 LD |
7.2 |
19 |
| 2011 HJ7 |
2025-May-12 |
6.6 LD |
15.8 |
118 |
| 2011 YU74 |
2025-May-13 |
11.4 LD |
5 |
90 |
| 2025 DT50 |
2025-May-14 |
16 LD |
6.4 |
105 |
| 2008 ST |
2025-May-20 |
13.5 LD |
2.5 |
14 |
| 387746 |
2025-May-24 |
17.4 LD |
8.3 |
339 |
| 2014 KF22 |
2025-May-25 |
9.1 LD |
11.5 |
19 |
| 390725 |
2025-May-25 |
18.4 LD |
13.5 |
410 |
| 2025 FU5 |
2025-May-28 |
13.4 LD |
7.3 |
92 |
| 2022 KP3 |
2025-May-30 |
10.2 LD |
7.7 |
7 |
| 424482 |
2025-Jun-05 |
9.1 LD |
6.2 |
421 |
| 2020 LQ |
2025-Jun-06 |
17.3 LD |
11.8 |
34 |
| 2018 LE4 |
2025-Jun-07 |
12.2 LD |
13.3 |
62 |
| 2014 LL26 |
2025-Jun-08 |
8 LD |
5.2 |
31 |
| 2022 KQ5 |
2025-Jun-12 |
13.6 LD |
5.1 |
5 |
| 2023 XO15 |
2025-Jun-15 |
17.8 LD |
3.4 |
24 |
| 2000 LF3 |
2025-Jun-17 |
18.9 LD |
14.5 |
169 |
| 2023 XU2 |
2025-Jun-18 |
11.1 LD |
15.6 |
32 |
| 2003 AY2 |
2025-Jun-22 |
14.2 LD |
15.9 |
386 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU.
| |
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| |
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| |
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| |
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| |
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
| |
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| |
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| |
current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. |
| |
Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| |
from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| |
from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
the
underlying science of space weather |
 |
Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. |
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